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Orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia comprise a complex system by which Malaysians and qualified foreigners are honoured by the country's sovereign for actions or deeds that benefit their community or the country at large. Modelled on its British predecessor, the orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia were created after formation of Malaysia. The honours system came to exist earlier during the time of the Federation of Malaya. During the British colonial times, honours were given under the British honours system. Johor was the first state to institute its own honours on 31 July 1880. Then, the other Malay states did the same.

The monarch is regarded as the fount of all honours—as he is the only person who may create new national honours—and acts as the Sovereign of all of Malaysia's orders; he will conduct inductions or present medals. In Malaysia, the monarch is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia), who also carries out investitures and distributes awards in the sovereign's name. As such, the administration of the honours system is carried out by the Ceremonial and International Conference Secretariat Division in Putrajaya, which is a part of the Prime Minister's Department. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong sets out via the Office of the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal, the Conference of Rulers, and the order of precedence for the wearing of insignia, decorations, and medals.[clarification needed]

The honours system consists of two levels – Federal Honours and State Honours.

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Transcription

Federal orders, decorations, and medals

The Federal Honours are honours given by the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong to the military, police and civilians for service and special contributions to the country.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Precedence and Honorifics[clarification needed]
Order Name (Malay) Post-nom Honorific
1 Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa S.P.
2 Darjah Kerabat Diraja Malaysia D.K.M.
3 Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara D.M.N.
4 Seri Maharaja Mangku Negara S.M.N. Tun
5 Seri Setia Mahkota Malaysia S.S.M. Tun
6 Darjah Bakti D.B.
7 Panglima Mangku Negara P.M.N. Tan Sri
8 Panglima Setia Mahkota P.S.M. Tan Sri
9 Panglima Jasa Negara P.J.N. Datuk
10 Panglima Setia Diraja P.S.D. Datuk
11 Johan Mangku Negara J.M.N.
12 Johan Setia Mahkota J.S.M.
13 Johan Setia Diraja J.S.D.
14 Kesatria Mangku Negara K.M.N.
15 Kesatria Setia Diraja K.S.D.
16 Ahli Mangku Negara A.M.N.
17 Pingat Pangkuan Negara P.P.N.
18 Bentara Setia Diraja B.S.D.
19 Panglima Gagah Berani P.G.B.
20 Jasa Perkasa Persekutuan J.P.P.
21 Pingat Tentera Udara P.T.U.
22 Pingat Kebaktian P.K.
23 Pingat Khidmat Berbakti P.K.B.
24 Pingat Perkhidmatan Setia P.P.S.
25 Kepujian Perutusan Keberanian K.P.K.
26 Pingat Perkhidmatan Am P.P.A.
27 Pingat Peringatan Malaysia P.P.M.
28 Pingat Negara Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu P.N.B.B.
29 Pingat Jasa Malaysia P.J.M.
30 "Pingat Perkhidmatan Cemerlang" P.P.C
31 "Pingat Kedaulatan Negara" P.K.N
32 "Pingat Jasa Pahlawan Negara" P.J.P.N
33 Pingat Pertabalan

  Light green denotes orders, decorations, and medals that are not open for nomination application.

Honorary orders and medals

Ribbon Name (English/Malay)[6] Ranks / Post-nom Instituted Awarded to/for
The Star of Honour of the
Grand Knight of Valour
Bintang Kehormatan Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa
S.P. 29 July 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah as the supreme award for gallantry in the face of the enemy. Subsequent awards being denoted by the use of bars. Recipients and their widows receive state allowances.
The Most Exalted and Most Illustrious
Order of the Royal Family of Malaysia
Darjah Yang Maha Mulia Utama Kerabat Diraja Malaysia
D.K.M. 18 April 1966 Founded by Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin Shah. Limited to Malaysian rulers who became Yang di-Pertuan Agong and foreign Heads of State.
Limited to 10 recipients
The Most Exalted
Order of the Crown of the Realm
Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara
D.M.N. 16 August 1958 Founded by Tuanku Abdul Rahman as a reward to Malaysian rulers and their wives, foreign Heads of State and other distinguished individuals.
Limited to 15 recipients
The Most Distinguished
Order of the Defender of the Realm
Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Pangkuan Negara
Grand Commander (S.M.N.)
Seri Maharaja Mangku Negara
16 August 1958 Founded by Tuanku Abdul Rahman as a reward for meritorious service to the country.
Limited to 25 recipients
Commander (P.M.N.)
Panglima Mangku Negara
Founded by Tuanku Abdul Rahman as a reward for meritorious service to the country.
Limited to 75 recipients
Companion (J.M.N.)
Johan Mangku Negara
Founded by Tuanku Abdul Rahman as a reward for meritorious service to the country.
Limited to 700 recipients
Officer (K.M.N.)
Kesatria Mangku Negara
Founded by Tuanku Abdul Rahman as a reward for meritorious service to the country
Member (A.M.N.)
Ahli Mangku Negara
Medal (P.P.N.)
Pingat Pangkuan Negara
9 August 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah as a reward for meritorious service to the country
The Most Distinguished
Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia
Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia
Grand Commander (S.S.M.)
Seri Setia Mahkota Malaysia
15 April 1966 Founded by Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin Shah conferred in recognition of meritorious service in the civil service, those persons of high social standing, or those holding positions of authority.
Limited to 25 recipients
Commander (P.S.M.)
Panglima Setia Mahkota
Founded by Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin Shah conferred in recognition of meritorious service in the civil service, those persons of high social standing, or those holding positions of authority.
Limited to 250 recipients
Companion (J.S.M.)
Johan Setia Mahkota
Founded by Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin Shah conferred in recognition of meritorious service in the civil service, those persons of high social standing, or those holding positions of authority.
Limited to 800 recipients
The Order of Merit
Darjah Bakti
D.B. 26 June 1975 Founded by Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah as a reward for services to science, the arts, and to humanity.
Restricted to ten recipients of Malaysian nationality only
The Distinguished Order of Meritorious Service
Darjah Yang Mulia Jasa Negara
Commander (P.J.N.)
Panglima Jasa Negara
2 May 1995 Founded by Tuanku Jaafar as a general reward for meritorious service.
Limited to 200 recipients
The Most Distinguished
Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia
Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Dihormati Setia Diraja
Commander (P.S.D.)
Panglima Setia Diraja
3 September 1965 Founded by Tuanku Syed Putra and awarded at the discretion of the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong. Modified and extended on 7 January 1993
Companion (J.S.D.)
Johan Setia Diraja
Officer (K.S.D.)
Kesatria Setia Diraja
1993
Herald (B.S.D.)
Bentara Setia Diraja
Malaysian Commemorative Medal
Pingat Peringatan Malaysia
Gold (P.P.M.)
Pingat Emas Peringatan Malaysia
1965 Founded by Tuanku Syed Putra as a reward for meritorious service in the formation of Malaysia in 1963
Silver (P.P.M.)
Pingat Perak Peringatan Malaysia
Bronze (P.P.M.)
Pingat Gangsa Peringatan Malaysia
National Sovereignty Medal
Pingat Kedaulatan Negara
P.K.N 26 January 2015 The PKN is a special appreciation medal awarded to security officer s and personal, as well as civil servants who had served during Ops Daulat in Sabah.
Mention in Despatches
Kepujian Perutusan Keberanian
K.P.K. 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Terengganu
as 4th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong IV
1966 Founded by Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin Shah to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Kedah
as 5th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong V
1971 Founded by Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Kelantan
as 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong VI
1976 Founded by Tuanku Yahya Petra to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Pahang
as 7th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong VII
1980 Founded by Tuanku Ahmad Shah to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Johor
as 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong VIII
1984 Founded by Tuanku Iskandar to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Perak
as 9th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong IX
1989 Founded by Tuanku Azlan Shah to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar
of Negeri Sembilan
as 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong X
1994 Founded by Tuanku Jaafar to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Selangor
as 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XI
1999 Founded by Tuanku Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Raja of Perlis
as 12th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XII
2002 Founded by Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Terengganu
as 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII
2007 Founded by Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Kedah
as 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XII
2012 Founded by Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Kelantan
as 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XV
2017 Founded by Sultan Muhammad V of Pahang to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Installation Medal of the Sultan of Pahang
as 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVI
2019 Founded by Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah to commemorate his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Civil Defence Medal
Pingat Pertahanan Awam

Military orders and medals

Ribbon Name (English/Malay)[7][8] Ranks / Post-nom Instituted Awarded to/for
The Most Gallant Order of Military Service
Darjah Kepahlawanan Angkatan Tentera
Courageous Commander (P.G.A.T.)
Panglima Gagah Angkatan Tentera
16 September 1983 Founded by Tuanku Ahmad Shah to reward exceptional service in the Malaysian Armed Forces
Loyal Commander (P.S.A.T.)
Panglima Setia Angkatan Tentera
Warrior (P.A.T.)
Pahlawan Angkatan Tentera
Officer (K.A.T.)
Kesatria Angkatan Tentera
Herald (B.A.T.)
Bentara Angkatan Tentera
Star of the Commander of Valour
Panglima Gagah Berani
P.G.B. 29 July 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah as a reward for extreme courage and gallantry in combat
Federation Gallantry Star
Jasa Perkasa Persekutuan
J.P.P. 29 July 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah as a reward for individuals who have shown extraordinary heroism and courage on the battlefield[clarification needed]
Air Force Medal
Pingat Tentera Udara
P.T.U. 17 July 1968 Founded by Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin as a reward for members of the Royal Malaysian Air Force
Medal of Merit
Pingat Kebaktian
P.K. 17 July 1968 Founded by Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin as a reward for long service and good conduct
Active Service Medal
Pingat Khidmat Berbakti
P.K.B. 29 July 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah as a reward for long service and good conduct

(serving for 15 years or more)

(Serving no less than 18 years)
Loyal Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Setia
P.P.S. 29 July 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah as a reward for loyalty to the military

(30 days on duty)

(Serving no less than 10 years)
General Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Am
P.P.A. 29 July 1960 Founded by Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah as a reward for service towards the civilian populace (e.g. disaster relief operations)
United Nations Medal
Pingat Negara Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu
P.N.B.B. 1994
Malaysian Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Malaysia
P.J.M. 3 March 2004 Founded by Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin as a reward for the service of Malaysian soldiers, British and Commonwealth soldiers, sailors and aircraftmen who participated in the Malayan Emergency and Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation

Police orders and medals

Ribbon Name (English/Malay)[9] Ranks / Post-nom Instituted Awarded to/for
The Most Gallant Police Order
Darjah Kepahlawanan Pasukan Polis
Courageous Commander (P.G.P.P.)
Panglima Gagah Pasukan Polis
1993 Founded by Tuanku Jaafar to reward exceptional services in Royal Malaysia Police
Loyal Commander (P.S.P.P.)
Panglima Setia Pasukan Polis
Warrior (P.P.P.)
Pahlawan Pasukan Polis
Officer (K.P.P.)
Kesatria Pasukan Polis
Herald (B.P.P.)
Bentara Pasukan Polis
Police Gallantry Medal
Pingat Keberanian Polis
P.K.P. 1993 Founded by Tuanku Jaafar as a reward for taking life-risking situations.
Presentation of Police Colours Medal
Pingat Keanugerahan Polis
P.K. 1993 Founded by Tuanku Jaafar as a reward for participating in a parade during Police Day.
National Hero Service Medal
"Pingat Jasa Pahlawan Negara"
P.J.P.N 5 February 2014 The PJPN is a medal given to members of the Royal Malaysia Police in recognition of their heroic service for the country. The recipients served the country during the Malayan Emergency era which lasted from 12 July 1948 to 31 July 1960, the Communist insurgency from 17 June 1968 to 2 December 1989 in Peninsular Malaysia and in Sabah and Sarawak from 1962 to 17 October 1990 (Emergency Service era).

Service Ribbon

  1. 30 years Service Ribbon
  2. 20 years Service Ribbon
  3. 10 years Service Ribbon

Anniversary Ribbon Bar

  1. Police Force 200th Anniversary Ribbon Bar
  2. "Royal" Title 50th Anniversary Ribbon Bar

Scouts Association of Malaysia awards and honours

Ribbon Name (English/Malay)[10] Ranks / Post-nominal Instituted Awarded to/for
Hero's Star
Bintang Pahlawan
This is the highest award given to Scout leaders and members who have served in saving the lives and property of the surrounding community.


Star of the Paddy Spirit
Bintang Semangat Padi
BSP-E (Gold/Emas) This is the highest award which is only presented to distinguished figures. This very limited award makes it something most exclusive. Therefore, the first class recipients who are eligible to receive it are only from among the state and national leaders. The second class recipients who are eligible to receive it are only from among the leaders of the state, country and Scout leaders who have much contributed.
BSP-P (Silver/Perak)


Star of the Forest Spirit
Bintang Semangat Rimba
BSR-E (Gold/Emas) This is the third highest award which is only presented to figures who have given commendable service and devotion to the Scout movement. The second class star is the fourth highest award which is only presented to figures who have given commendable service and devotion to the Scout movement.
BSR-P (Silver/Perak)
Scout Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Pengakap
PJP National Chief Scout's personal award presented to warranted leaders who have contributed outstanding service and devotion on the development of Scouting at the state, national and international levels.
Meritorious Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Gemilang
PPG This is awarded to warranted leaders who have contributed outstanding service and devotion on the development of Scouting at the district, state, national and international levels and are highly praised, have a loyal nature and attitude and exhibit admirable behavior.
Distinguished Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Cemerlang
PPC This is awarded to warranted leaders who have contributed outstanding service and devotion on the development of Scouting at the district, state, national and international levels and are highly praised, have a loyal nature and attitude and exhibit admirable behavior.
Long Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Lama
PPL This is awarded to warranted leaders who have served and served continuously well for not less than 20 years at the Group, District, State and National levels and have noble conduct and character.
Loyal Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Setia
PPS This is awarded to warranted leaders and individuals who have provided excellent, honest, trustworthy and loyal service for not less than 10 years or in a shorter period at the discretion of the Awards Committee of the Scouts Association of Malaysia.
Good Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Baik
PPB This is awarded to warranted leaders and individuals such as the Local Associations of Scouts, districts, states and countries who always carry out their duties well and help the success of the Scout movement at their respective levels with honesty, trust, loyal and persistent not less than 5 years.
Chief Scout's Certificate of Commendation
Sijil Kepujian Ketua Pengakap Negara
SKKPN This is awarded to warranted leaders and have provided commendable and continuous service for 12 months and have good behavior and character. It can also be awarded to lay members and the Local Association of Scouts of the district, state and individuals who greatly assist and support the Scout movement at the Group, District, State and National levels.
Medal for Excellence in Education
Pingat Kecemerlangan Pendidikan
PKP 2009 Instituted by the Chief Scout for excellence in education and scouting at six categories: degree, diploma, STPM, SPM, PMR, UPSR
Scouts of Malaysia Centennial Commemorative Medal
Pingat Peringatan 100 Tahun Pengakap Malaysia
PPPM 1 August 2008 This is awarded in conjunction with the centenary of Scouting in Malaysia to figures or individuals who have given their service to the Scout movement.
International Friendship Medal
Pingat Persahabatan Antarabangsa
PPA-E (Gold/Emas)
PPA-P (Silver/Perak)
PPA-G (Bronze/Gangsa)

Girl Guides Association of Malaysia awards and honours

Ribbon Name (English/Malay)[11] Ranks / Post-nominal Level Awarded to/for
Paduka Srikandi Award
Anugerah Paduka Srikandi
1 National President and Deputy President
Srikandi Award
Anugerah Srikandi
2 National Members of the Girl Guides who have rendered outstanding service to the association who can become a role model in voluntary work.
Layang-Layang Award
Anugerah Layang-Layang
3 National Registered active members
Agok Bakti-Lebah Award
Anugerah Agok Bakti-Lebah
4 National Registered active members
Medal of Service
Pingat Jasa
5 National Registered active members
Star of Honour
Bintang Kehormatan
6 National Givers and non-members
20-Year Long Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Lama 20 Tahun
7 National Registered active members
Medal of Stalk of Paddy
Pingat Tangkai Padi
8 Branch Registered active members
Thank You Medal
Pingat Terima Kasih
9 Branch Givers and non-members
15-Year Long Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Lama 15 Tahun
10 Branch Registered active members
10-Year Long Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Lama 10 Tahun
11 District Registered active members

St. John Ambulance of Malaysia awards and honours

Ribbon Name (English/Malay)[12] Ranks / Post-nominal Instituted Awarded to/for
Eminent Order of Loyalty
Darjah Setia Utama
1 1997 This award is conferred on senior officers and individuals of the highest standing in society who have contributed excellent and outstanding service. The recipient of this award should possess influential, noble and respectable status in society. This award is limited to ten living persons.
Order of Supreme Merit
Darjah Bakti Perkasa
2 1997 This award is conferred on officers and individuals who hold high status in society and have contributed excellent service. This award is limited to thirty living persons. This Category 2 award consists of a ribbon in SJAM colours with a Bakti Perkasa badge hung at the end of the collarette. This award is worn around the neck. On Duty uniform, a ribbon consists of SJAM colours and two gold stars and is worn above the left pocket.
Meritorious Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Gemilang
3 1997 This is conferred on SJAM officers and individuals who have contributed unique and valuable service to the organisation.
Outstanding Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Cemerlang
4 1997 This is conferred on SJAM officers and individuals who have contributed outstanding service to the organisation.
Distinguished Service Medal
Pingat Jasa Terpuji
5 1997 This is conferred on SJAM officers and individuals who have exhibited competence and undertaken praiseworthy deeds. The recipient must possess good character and be of good conduct.
Life Saving Medal
Pingat Gagah Berani
Gold 1874 The Life Saving Medal was instituted in 1874 to enable the Order to honour those who saved, or attempted to save the life of another and who placed themselves at imminent personal risk in doing so. It is not necessary to have performed first aid.
Silver
Bronze

Gold

Silver
Centenary Medal
Pingat Peringatan Ulang Tahun Ke-100
Gold 2008 SJAM commemorates its one hundred years in Malaysia by issuing SJAM Centenary Medals to all qualified officers, members and members of the public who have made significant contributions to the organisation.
Silver
Bronze
111th Anniversary Commemorative Medal
Pingat Peringatan Ulang Tahun Ke-111
2020 SJAM commemorates its 111 years in Malaysia by issuing SJAM Centenary Medals to all qualified officers, members and members of the public who have made significant contributions to the organisation for at least three years.
Five Years Service Medal
Pingat Perkhidmatan Lima Tahun
2004 In 2004, the National St. John Council of Malaysia introduced the Five Years Service Medal to recognise members and officers who have performed efficiently for at least five years. This medal was introduced in recognition of the efficient service of SJAM members and officers who have been diligently discharging their duties. This award precedes the Service Medal of the Order of St. John, which is awarded for ten years active and efficient service.
Commander-in-Chief's Award
Anugerah Pemerintah Agung
2003 The Commander-in-Chief's Award is presented by the Commander-in-Chief to individuals and entities who exhibit outstanding qualities and who have given remarkable service to SJAM.

States and federal territories orders, decorations, and medals

The Malaysian states each have their own internal honours system, though they differ in some ways from their federal counterpart. Johor was the first to create its own honours in 1880. However, after the establishment of the Malaysian honours system in 1963, other states moved to initiate their own systems after the federal government refused to do so on their behalf. An agreement was eventually reached on the placement of the state honours in the Malaysian order of precedence for orders, decorations, and medals.

Imperial and foreign honours

State honours bestowed upon a Malaysian by a foreign government must be approved by the Government of Malaysia before the insignia, decoration, or medal may be worn. This includes awards from other Commonwealth countries.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Bahagian Istiadat dan Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa". istiadat.gov.my (in Malay). Government of Malaysia. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  2. ^ 2016 Order of Precedence for Federal Orders, Decorations, and Medals
  3. ^ Table and details
  4. ^ General visual table of decorations
  5. ^ Susunan Keutamaan Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan
  6. ^ a b Colecciones Militares, 1 & 2
  7. ^ Malaysian Military awards, army.mod.gov.my. (In Malay). Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  8. ^ Colecciones Militares, Malaysian Armed Forces
  9. ^ Colecciones Militares, Royal Malaysia Police
  10. ^ Colecciones Militares, Scouts Association of Malaysia
  11. ^ "SULIT-BORANG PENCALONAN ANUGERAH 2017 - PDF Free Download". adoc.pub.
  12. ^ Colecciones Militares, St. John Ambulans Malaysia

External links

This page was last edited on 19 February 2024, at 16:21
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