List of organisms named after famous people (born before 1800)

In biological nomenclature, organisms often receive scientific names that honor a person. A taxon (e.g. species or genus; plural: taxa) named in honor of another entity is an eponymous taxon, and names specifically honoring a person or persons are known as patronyms. Scientific names are generally formally published in peer-reviewed journal articles or larger monographs along with descriptions of the named taxa and ways to distinguish them from other taxa. Following rules of Latin grammar, species or subspecies names derived from a man's name often end in -i or -ii if named for an individual, and -orum if named for a group of men or mixed-sex group, such as a family. Similarly, those named for a woman often end in -ae, or -arum for two or more women.

This list is part of the List of organisms named after famous people, and includes organisms named after famous individuals born before 1 January 1800. It also includes ensembles in which at least one member was born before that date; but excludes companies, institutions, ethnic groups or nationalities, and populated places. It does not include organisms named for fictional entities, for biologists, paleontologists or other natural scientists,^[note 1] nor for associates or family members of researchers who were not otherwise notable (exceptions are made, however, for natural scientists who are much more famous for other aspects of their lives, such as, for example, writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe).

Organisms named after famous people born later can be found in:

• List of organisms named after famous people (born 1800–1899)
• List of organisms named after famous people (born 1900–1949)
• List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–present)

The scientific names are given as originally described (their basionyms); subsequent research may have placed species in different genera, or rendered them taxonomic synonyms of previously described taxa. Some of these names may be unavailable in the zoological sense or illegitimate in the botanical sense due to senior homonyms already having the same name.

List (people born before 1800)

Taxon	Type	Namesake	Notes	Taxon image	Namesake image	Ref
Abditusdyadus khayyammii † Ghavidel-Syooki & Piri-Kangarshahi, 2021	Cryptospore	Omar Khayyam	A cryptospore from the Ordovician of Razavi Khorasan, Iran, whose name "Refers to Omar Khayyam Neyshaburi, a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet (born on May 18, 1048, ACE in Neyshabur [, Razavi Khorasan province]; died on December 4, 1131 ACE in the same city)."			[2]
Abelopsocus Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Abel Tasman	"The generic name is a combination of the name Abel, after the Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant Abel Tasman, and Psocus, a genus of Psocidae."			[3]
Aberrapex sanmartini Menoret, Mutti & Ivanov, 2017	Tapeworm	José de San Martín	A parasite of the Southern eagle ray, collected from the coast of Argentina and "named after José de San Martín, one of the leaders of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain."			[4]
Ablerus grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius				[5]
Acanthobothrium atahualpai Marques, Brooks & Barriga, 1997	Tapeworm	Atahualpa	A parasite of stingrays found in Southern Ecuador.			[6]
Acaphyllisa rakoczii Ripka, 2009	Mite	Francis II Rákóczi	A shrub-infesting mite found in Hungary, "named in honour of Ferenc Rákóczi II (1676–1735), ruling prince of Transylvania and commander of Hungarian insurgent forces (1704–1711)."			[7]
Adaina atahualpa Gielis, 2011	Moth	Atahualpa	A plume moth native to Colombia and Ecuador.			[8]
Adelomelon caupolicani † Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Caupolicán	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile.			[9]
Adelomelon colocoloi † Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Colocolo	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile.			[9]
Adelphenaldis grimmorum Fischer, 2014	Wasp	Brothers Grimm	"Named on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, best known for their fairy tales (Jacob Grimm died 20 September 1863)." Subsequently transferred to the genus and subgenus Aspilota (Eusynaldis).			[10][11]
Aeolidiopsis elcanoi Ortea & Moro, 2020	Sea slug	Juan Sebastián Elcano	"Named in honor of Juan Sebastián Elcano, who captained the voyage back from the Philippines of the Nao Victoria, on which he completed the first circumnavigation of the world, on the 500th anniversary of the feat (1519-1521) that began with Ferdinand Magellan. His name is also that of the Spanish Navy training ship, to which we also want to pay a well-deserved tribute with this new species that, due to its uniqueness, will once again travel around the world." Immediately after its formal description, within the same paper, this species was transferred to the newly-created monotypic genus Magallanes (honouring Magellan), also in this list.			[12]
Aeschylia Girault, 1929	Wasp	Aeschylus				[13]
Aesopichthys † Poplin & Lund, 2000	Fish	Aesop	A fossil genus from the Carboniferous of Montana, US, "Named for the Greek teller of fables, Aesop, universally known for his hump, evoking that of the fish here described, and ιχθύς, fish."			[14][15]
Agathidium cortezi Miller & Wheeler, 2005	Beetle	Hernán Cortés	"This species is named after the great Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernan Cortez [sic] who explored much of Mexico, conquered the local regime, and whose deeds and motivations remain somewhat controversial." This species is native to Oaxaca, Mexico.			[16]
Agathidium pocahontasae Miller & Wheeler, 2005	Beetle	Pocahontas	"This species is named pocahontasae after a county in [West] Virginia from which numerous type specimens were collected and after the young woman Pocahontas, who may have saved the struggling Jamestown Colony by marrying John Rolfe, thereby establishing a peace between Jamestown colonists and the tribes of Powhatan."			[16]
Alaptus newtoni Girault, 1912	Wasp	Isaac Newton				[17]
Alcathoe cuauhtemoci Krogmann & Riefenstahl, 2004	Moth	Cuauhtémoc	"dedicated to the last Aztec emperor, Cuauhtémoc, executed by the Spanish conquerors under Hernán Cortés in 1525 and still venerated by the Mexicans." This species is native to Mexico.			[18]
Alibashites ferdowsii † Korn et al., 2015	Ammonite	Ferdowsi	A fossil from the Permian of the Aras river valley, on the border between Iran and Azerbaijan, named "After Hakim Abu'l-Qasim Ferdowsi Tusi (940-1020), important and influential Persian poet and author of the epic Shahnameh."			[19]
Aligheria Girault, 1928	Wasp	Dante Alighieri	Subsequently synonymised with Callimomoides.			[15]
Aligherinia Girault, 1922	Wasp	Dante Alighieri	Subsequently synonymised with Eupelmophotismus.			[13]
Alophophion mancocapaci Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Manco Cápac	"The species epithet mancocapaci refers to Manco Capac, the first ruler of the Tawantinsuyu." This, and all thirteen Alophophion species named after the thirteen Sapa Incas, were collected in Peru.			[20]
Alophophion sinchirocai Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Sinchi Roca	"The species epithet sinchirocai refers to Sinchi Roca, the second ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion lloqueyupanquii Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Lloque Yupanqui	"The species epithet lloqueyupanquii refers to Lloque Yupanqui, the third ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion maytacapaci Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Mayta Cápac	"The species epithet maytacapaci refers to Mayta Capac, the fourth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion capacyupanquii Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Cápac Yupanqui	"The species epithet capacyupanquii refers to Cápac Yupanqui, the fifth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion incarocai Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Inca Roca	"The species epithet incarocai refers to Inca Roca, the sixth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu and first inca."			[20]
Alophophion yahuarhuacaci Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Yawar Waqaq	"The species epithet yahuarhuacaci refers to Atahualpa [sic; likely an editing error, meant to say Yáhuar Huácac], the seventh ruler of the Tawantinsuyu and first inca [sic; likely an editing error, meant to say second inca, or be omitted altogether]."			[20]
Alophophion wiracochai Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Viracocha Inca	"The species epithet wiracochai refers to Wiracocha, the eighth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion pachacutii Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Pachacuti	"The species epithet pachacutii refers to Pachacuti, the ninth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion yupankii Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Topa Inca Yupanqui	"The species epithet yupankii refers to Túpaq Inka Yupanki, the tenth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion huaynacapaci Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Huayna Capac	"The species epithet huaynacapac refers to Huayna Cápac, the eleventh ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion huascari Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Huáscar	"The species epithet huascari refers to Huascar, the twelfth ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alophophion atahualpai Alvarado, 2014	Wasp	Atahualpa	"The species epithet atahualpai refers to Atahualpa, the last ruler of the Tawantinsuyu."			[20]
Alsasuacaris nostradamus † Bakel, Jagt, Fraaije & Artal, 2011	Crustacean	Nostradamus	A fossil cyclid from the Cretaceous of Northern Spain. "Nostradamus, Latinised name of Michel de Nostredame (1503–1566), French seer, well known for his prophecies published in his book Les Prophéties. His name [...] has been chosen because the presence of cyclids in the Alsasua area was predicted by one of us (RHBF) one year prior to the discovery of the holotype of the new taxon."			[21]
Alvania josephineae † Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018	Sea snail	Empress Joséphine	A fossil species from the Miocene of western France.			[22]
Alvania napoleoni † Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018	Sea snail	Napoleon	A fossil species from the Miocene of western France.			[22]
Ami yupanquii Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008	Spider	Topa Inca Yupanqui	"The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of the Inca leader, Tupac Yupanqui, who unified the agricultural populations of Ecuador" The holotype for this species was collected near Puyo, Ecuador. This species was subsequently transferred to the genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925.			[23][24]
Ammophila cleopatra Menke, 1964	Wasp	Cleopatra VII				[25]
Amoturella saintpierrei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre				[26]
Anabaena hatueyi Komárek, 2005	Bacterium	Hatuey	This species of freshwater cyanobacterium is endemic to Cuba.			[27]
Anacroneuria amaru Stark, 2004	Stonefly	Túpac Amaru	This species is native to Bolivia.			[28]
Anacroneuria cusi Stark, 2004	Stonefly	Titu Cusi	This species is native to Bolivia.			[28]
Anacroneuria huayna Stark, 2004	Stonefly	Huayna Capac	This species is native to Peru.			[28]
Anagyrus cellinini Girault, 1915	Wasp	Benvenuto Cellini	Subsequently transferred to genus Psyllaephagus.			[29][30]
Anagyrus channingi Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ellery Channing	Subsequently transferred to genus Psyllaephagus.			[26][30]
Anagyrus grotii Girault, 1915	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to genus Psyllaephagus.			[29][30]
Anagyrus hegeli Girault, 1915	Wasp	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel	Subsequently transferred to genus Psyllaephagus.			[29][30]
Anagyrus penni Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Penn	Subsequently transferred to genus Psyllaephagus.			[26][30]
Anagyrus saintpierrei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre				[26]
Anaphes kantii Girault, 1912	Wasp	Immanuel Kant	"Dedicated to Immanuel Kant for his The General Natural History and Theory of the Heavens." Subsequently transferred to genus Erythmelus.			[17][31]
Anaphes laplacei Girault, 1912	Wasp	Pierre-Simon Laplace	Subsequently transferred to other genera, currently under the genus Ceratanaphes.			[17][32]
Anaphes painei Girault, 1912	Wasp	Thomas Paine	Subsequently transferred to genus Erythmelus.			[17][31]
Anaphes saintpierrei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre				[33]
Angeliconana Girault, 1922	Wasp	Fra Angelico	Subsequently synonymised with Copidosoma.			[13][30]
Anisogomphus koxingai Chao, 1954	Dragonfly	Koxinga				[34]
Anselmella Girault, 1925	Wasp	Anselm of Canterbury				[13]
Antechinus rosamondae Ride, 1964	Marsupial mammal	Rosamund Clifford	Subsequently transferred to genus Dasykaluta.			[15]
Anthobium confucii Shavrin & Smetana, 2018	Beetle	Confucius	A rove beetle native to China, "named in honour of the great ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius."			[35]
Apenes toussainti Ball & Shpeley, 2009	Beetle	Toussaint Louverture	A species of ground beetle native to Hispaniola, named "to honor the memory of the enlightened, self-educated Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743[?]–1803), formerly a slave, who became the most influential leader of the revolution that overthrew the erstwhile ruling European powers, and led to the foundations of an independent Haiti."			[36]
Aphelinoidea painei Girault, 1912	Wasp	Thomas Paine	"Respectfully dedicated to Thomas Paine, one of the manly defenders of truth and reason and author of the Rights of Man and The Age of Reason."			[37]
Aphelinus grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus Centrodora.			[5][38]
Aphelinus miltoni Girault, 1915	Wasp	John Milton	Subsequently transferred to the genus Centrodora.			[29][39]
Apistogramma atahualpa Römer 1997	Fish	Atahualpa	A freshwater cichlid native to Peru, named after Atahualpa, the last ruling Inca, who was strangled in 1533 on the order of Spanish conquistador Pizarro; this murder is a "perfect metaphor for the continuing destruction of the cultures of the indigenous peoples of South America and destruction of their environment by 'modern' man."			[40][41]
Apistogramma huascar Römer, Pretor & Hahn, 2006	Fish	Huáscar	A freshwater cichlid native to Peru, named for the Inca prince Huáscar, brother of the last Inca ruler Atahualpa (commemorated in the name of A. atahualpa, above), referring to "large phenotypical similarity" between the two species, and to their common origin from the region of the Inca state Tahuantinsuyu.			[42][41]
Apocyclops ramkhamhaengi Chullasorn, Kangtia, Pinkaew & Ferrari, 2008	Crustacean	Ram Khamhaeng	This species of copepod is native to Thailand.			[43]
Aprostocetus platoni Girault, 1915	Wasp	Plato				[44]
Apseudogramma popei Girault, 1915	Wasp	Alexander Pope				[45]
Araneus washingtoni Levi, 1971	Spider	George Washington	The holotype was collected in Mount Washington; "The species is named after George Washington, as is the mountain".			[46]
Araucarites pachacuteci † Martínez	Conifer	Pachacuti	A fossil araucarian from the Cretaceous of Cusco Department, Peru, named "in honour [of] Pachakutiq Inka Yupanki (Quechua) [...] the ninth Sapa Inca (1418–1471/1472?) of the kingdom of Cusco which he transformed into the Inca Empire."			[47]
Archytas Jaennicke, 1867	Fly	Archytas				[13]
Argia iralai Calvert, 1909	Damselfly	Domingo Martínez de Irala	This species is native to Paraguay.			[48]
Arsinoitherium † Beadnell, 1902	Embrithopod (an extinct order of mammals)	Arsinoe II				[15]
Asaphomorphella rousseaui Girault, 1913	Wasp	Jean Jacques Rousseau	"Respectfully dedicated to Jean Jacques Rousseau for his extract from the Project of Perpetual Peace, by the Abbé Saint-Pierre." Subsequently synonymised with Ophelosia bifasciata.			[26][49]
Asphondylia sanctipetri Urso-Guimarães & de Souza Amorim, 2002	Fly	Saint Peter	A gall midge from Brazil, "named after Saint Peter, very popular in the Brazilian countryside, because the holotype emerged [on] Saint Peter's day."			[50]
Aspilota hypatiae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Hypatia	Replacement name for Aspilota parallela Fischer, 1976, which was preoccupied by Aspilota parallela Fischer, 1971.			[51]
Astata cleopatra Puławski, 1959	Wasp	Cleopatra VII	Described from specimens collected in Egypt.			[52]
Astata nephertiti Puławski, 1959	Wasp	Nefertiti	Described from specimens collected in Egypt. Subsequently transferred to genus Dryudella.			[52]
Astyanax leonidas Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002	Fish	Leonidas I	"The specific epithet leonidas refers to the Spartan King Leonidas who heroically fought a million-man Persian army with only three hundred soldiers. The battle, in which Leonidas lost his life, took place in the narrow pass of Thermopylae. This epithet is dedicated to all the academic teachers of Argentina that stand in defense of a free and independent education." This species, endemic to rivers of northern Argentina, has been subsequently transferred to the genus Psalidodon.			[53][54]
Ataulfo O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Athaulf	Subsequently synonymised with the species Stemmops bicolor.			[55]
Atoposoma grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus Cirrospilus.			[5][56]
Atranus dariushi Muilwijk & Seiedy & Wrase, 2021	Beetle	Darius the Great	A ground beetle from Iran, whose name "refers to Dariush, king of Persia, of the house of the Achaemenids."			[57]
Attila Lesson, 1830	Bird	Attila	A genus of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family, with large heads and hooked bills; they are markedly predatory and aggressive for their size – hence their scientific and common names, which refer to Attila the Hun.			[58][59]
Augochloropsis cleopatra (Schrottky, 1902)	Bee	Cleopatra VII				[60]
Austrotinodes gusmaoi Dumas, de Souza & Rocha, 2017	Caddisfly	Bartolomeu de Gusmão	"Dedicated to the Brazilian priest and inventor Bartolomeu Lourenço de Gusmão, who was born [in] Santos, São Paulo state in 1685 and died in 1724. Bartolomeu de Gusmão was the first Brazilian inventor and scientist, famous for the creation in 1709 of the hot air balloon." This species is native to São Paulo state in Brazil.			[61]
Automeris ahuitzotli Lemaire & Wolfe, 1993	Moth	Ahuitzotl	"This species is named in memory of Aztec Emperor Ahuitzotl, third Royal son of Montezuma I. Ahuitzotl greatly expanded the Aztec empire, and for the first time extended Aztec control to the Pacific coastal regions of Oaxaca and Guerrero, where this species occurs."			[62]
Averrhoa L.	Flowering plant	Averroes	The starfruit is a member of this genus.			[63]
Avicennia L.	Flowering plant	Avicenna				[64]
Bachiana Strand, 1928	Wasp	Johann Sebastian Bach	Subsequently synonymised with Endasys.			[13]
Bachiana Girault, 1940	Wasp	Johann Sebastian Bach	Subsequently replaced by nomen novum Arzonella.			[13]
Bacillus aryabhattai Shivaji et al., 2009	Bacterium	Aryabhata	A bacterium isolated from cryotubes used to collect air samples from the upper atmosphere at altitudes between 27 and 41 km., "named after the renowned Indian astronomer of the 5th century AD". Research was funded by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation). Subsequently transferred to genus Priestia.			[65][66]
Badezorus ferdowsii Linnavuori, 1997	True bug	Ferdowsi	A leaf bug from Iran.			[67]
Balboa Distant, 1893	True bug	Vasco Núñez de Balboa				[13]
Barichneumon cariae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Artemisia II of Caria	Replacement name for Barichneumon rufipes (Habermehl, 1920), which had originally been described as Cratichneumon rufipes Habermehl, 1920, but upon being transferred to the genus Barichneumon in 1965, became a junior homonym of Barichneumon rufipes (Cameron, 1907).			[51]
Bassocaecilius Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	George Bass	"The generic name is a combination of the name Bass, after the British naval surgeon and explorer George Bass, and Caecilius, a genus of Caeciliusidae." This genus is endemic to Tasmania.			[3]
Batis perkeo Neumann, 1907	Bird	Perkeo of Heidelberg	The pygmy batis, the smallest species of its genus, was named by a German ornithologist after a famous German dwarf.			[58]
Becquerelia (plant) Brongn.	Flowering plant	Antoine César Becquerel	"Dedicated to the archfamous investigator of the physical world Becquerel, companion of the Academy of Sciences, who through many ingenious experiments has exposed the hidden powers of nature." 64 years later, Adolphe Brongniart's grandson gave the same name to a genus of fossil insects, after Antoine César Becquerel's grandson, Henri Becquerel. (see List of organisms named after famous people (born 1800–1899))			[68]
Beethovena Girault, 1932	Wasp	Ludwig van Beethoven				[15]
Beethovenia † García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Ludwig van Beethoven	A fossil genus found in the Devonian of Western Europe. "Dedicated to the greatest of the great musicians, for his unrepeatable symphonic repertoire, Ludwig van Beethoven."			[69]
Beethovenia bachi † García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Johann Sebastian Bach	A fossil species from the Devonian of Northern Spain. "Dedicated to the sublime German composer Johann Sebastian Bach for his counterpoint mastery that has created so much musical beauty."			[69]
Beethovenia beethoveni † García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Ludwig van Beethoven	A fossil species from the Devonian of Northern Spain, the type species of the genus Beethovenia. "Dedicated to the extraordinary German composer Ludwig van Beethoven, for the energy and extraordinary vitality of his music."			[69]
Berwaldia Larsson, 1981	Fungus	Franz Berwald	A parasitic microsporidium found in Daphnia pulex collected from a pool in Sweden.			[70]
Bishopina mozarti Bonaduce et al. 1976	Crustacean	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Subsequently synonymised with Neocyprideis timorensis (Fyan, 1916).			[15]
Blastobotrys davincii Visagie et al., 2022	Yeast	Leonardo da Vinci	"named after Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. The species was first detected during a culture-independent survey of fungi associated with his famous self-portrait." Several surveys from around the world reported the same yeast species from a wide range of substrates; apart from Leonardo's iconic drawing, stored in Turin, it was also identified from strains collected from mummies of the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, cave paintings of the Maijishan Grottoes, China, and bat caves in the West Coast of the United States, among other origins.			[71]
Bleda Bonaparte, 1857	Bird	Bleda	A genus of songbirds in the bulbul family, known as bristlebills. They are found in the forest understorey of western and central Africa.			[72]
Blighia K. D. Koenig	Flowering plant	William Bligh				[15]
Bobbodus xerxesi † Hampe et al., 2013	Fish	Xerxes I	A fossil species of cartilaginous fish from the Permian of central Iran, named as "A tribute to famous Achaemenian king Xerxes I, who enforced the extension of Persepolis and constructed, among others, the Gate of All Nations and the Hall of a Hundred Columns, the largest and most imposing elements of the central palace there and which deeply impressed the first author."			[73]
Boccacciomymar Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2007	Wasp	Giovanni Boccaccio	"The generic name is based on the author of the Decameron, Giovanni Boccaccio. In the wake of what is said to be an almost inevitable worldwide pandemic of bird flu in humans, his masterpiece book may in fact be as contemporary to us as ever. The last name "Boccaccio" is combined with the common ending for many fairyfly genera, "-mymar"." One species in this genus was concurrently named Boccacciomymar decameron.			[74]
Bolivina lafayettei † McLean, 1956	Protist	Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette	A fossil foraminiferan from the Yorktown Formation (Miocene) of Virginia, "Named in honor of General Lafayette who fought as a volunteer for the cause of American Liberty."			[75]
Boreogomphodon jeffersoni † Sues & Olsen, 1990	Cynodont	Thomas Jefferson	A fossil traversodont from the Triassic of Virginia, US; "The specific epithet honors Thomas Jefferson who first described fossil vertebrates from Virginia."			[76]
Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss.	Flowering plant	Louis Antoine de Bougainville	This genus was first described by Philibert Commerçon, a botanist accompanying French Navy admiral Louis Antoine de Bougainville during his voyage of circumnavigation of the Earth.			[77]
Brachylaemus yupanquii Freitas, Kohn & Ibáñez, 1967	Fluke	Lloque Yupanqui	This species was described from specimens collected in Peru. Genus Brachylaemus was subsequently synonymised with Brachylaima.			[78]
Brachypanorpa jeffersoni Byers, 1976	Scorpionfly	Thomas Jefferson	"This species is named in honor of Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), third president of the United States. The type locality is Mt. Jefferson, North Carolina, and one of the other two known localities (Mt. Rogers-White Top) is in the Jefferson National Forest. Thomas Jefferson was not only an eminent statesman but a scholar with broad interests, among them the natural history of his country. It seems especially appropriate, as we note the nation's bicentennial anniversary, to honor Jefferson, the major author of the Declaration of Independence."			[79]
Brachypanorpa sacajawea Byers, 1990	Scorpionfly	Sacagawea	"This species is named for the Shoshone "Bird Woman" Sacajawea (ca. 1790-1884), who with husband and infant son accompanied the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1805–1806 from Fort Mandan (North Dakota) to the mouth of the Columbia River on the Pacific coast, then back. She is said to have had familiarity with many animal and plant species encountered by the explorers. Her knowledge of the mountains of western Montana and northern Idaho aided the expedition in crossing the Bitterroot Range at Lolo Pass to gain access to a tributary of the Snake River and thence to the Columbia." These are the areas in which the specimens were found.			[80][13]
Brahea Mart.	Palm	Tycho Brahe				[81]
Branchinecta cervantesi Margalef, 1947	Crustacean	Miguel de Cervantes	A species of freshwater fairy shrimp described from specimens collected in La Mancha, Spain, "dedicated to Cervantes, on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of his birth." Subsequently synonymised with Branchinecta orientalis			[82]
Buddhaites † Diener 1895	Ammonite	Buddha	A fossil found in the Himalayas. The type species is named Buddhaites rama, for the deity Rama.			[83]
Bunaea cleopatra Aurivillius, 1893	Moth	Cleopatra VII	Subsequently transferred to genus Pseudobunaea.			[84][85]
Bythaelurus bachi Weigmann et al., 2016	Shark	Johann Sebastian Bach	"The new species is named in honor of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), a musical genius and one of the greatest composers of all time."			[86]
Bythaelurus vivaldii Weigmann & Kaschner, 2017	Shark	Antonio Vivaldi	"The new species is named in honor of Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741), a genius composer of [the] Baroque era, to express its relationship to Bythaelurus bachi, named after sublime genius Johann Sebastian Bach."			[87]
Bythocypris pythagorasi † Trabelsi et al., 2021	Crustacean	Pythagoras	A fossil ostracod from the Cretaceous of Tunisia. "Named for the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras of Samos, after whom the Pythagorean theorem of Euclidean geometry was named, to refer to the geometric (triangular) shape that characterizes the species."			[88]
Cacicus montezuma Lesson, 1831	Bird	Moctezuma II	"This beautiful cacique lives in Mexico [...] [and] it recalls the name of a Mexican cacique that history has made famous." Subsequently transferred to genus Psarocolius.			[89]
Calamotropha dagamae Bassi, 2014	Moth	Vasco da Gama	This species is native to Mozambique, where da Gama was the first European explorer to arrive in 1498, marking the start of Portuguese colonisation of the country.			[90]
Caligula (moth) Moore, 1862	Moth	Caligula				[13]
<i>Caligula</i> (plant) Klotszch	Flowering plant	Caligula	Subsequently synonymised with the species Agapetes odontocera.			[91]
Caloboletus guanyui N.K. Zeng, H.Chai & S.Jiang	Fungus	Guan Yu	A mushroom-producing fungus from China and Japan, "named for Guan Yu, a historic Chinese hero, said to have a reddish face, and thus sharing the same color of pores of the species when young."			[92]
Campoletis bingenae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Hildegard of Bingen	Replacement name for Campoletis imperfecta (Viereck, 1925), which had originally been described as Sagaritis imperfectus Viereck, 1925, and was transferred to the genus Campoletis in 1945; when Omorgus imperfectus Kokujev, 1915 was transferred to the same genus in 1965, becoming Campoletis imperfecta (Kokujev, 1915), Campoletis imperfecta (Viereck, 1925) became a junior homonym.			[51]
Camponotus ashokai Karmaly & Narendran, 2006	Ant	Ashoka				[93]
Camponotus christophei Wheeler & Mann, 1914	Ant	Henri Christophe	This species is native to Haiti.			[94]
Camponotus toussainti Wheeler & Mann, 1914	Ant	Toussaint Louverture	This species is native to Haiti.			[94]
Campyloneuropsis rhianos Linnavuori, 1997	True bug	Rhianus				[95]
Cancer diogenes Linnaeus, 1758	Crustacean	Diogenes	A large hermit crab named after Diogenes of Sinope, who was said to live in a clay jar (pithos). Subsequently transferred to the genus Petrochirus.			[15]
Capoeta birunii Zareian & Esmaeili, 2017	Fish	Al-Biruni	A freshwater scraper fish found in the Zayandeh River basin in Iran.			[96]
Capoeta ferdowsii Jouladeh-Roudbar et al., 2017	Fish	Ferdowsi	A freshwater scraper fish found in the Zohreh and Fahlian rivers in Iran.			[97]
Capoeta pyragyi Jouladeh-Roudbar et al., 2017	Fish	Magtymguly Pyragy	A freshwater scraper fish found in the Tireh and Sezar rivers (Tigris basin), Iran.			[97]
Captaincookia N.Hallé	Flowering plant	James Cook	Captaincookia is synonym for Ixora			[13]
Carabus jeffersoni † Scudder, 1900	Beetle	Thomas Jefferson	A fossil ground beetle from the Eocene Florissant Formation, Colorado, US. "Dedicated to the honored memory of President Thomas Jefferson, one of the earliest writers on American paleontology."			[98]
Carebara abuhurayri Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011	Ant	Abu Hurairah	A species native to Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia, "named after Abuhurayra, the companion of the Prophet, Mohammed, may peace and blessing be upon him, and whose tribe inhabited Al Bahah region."			[99]
Carlyleia Girault, 1916	Wasp	Thomas Carlyle				[15]
Casanovula Hoare, 2013	Moth	Giacomo Casanova	A subgenus of Pectinivalva, named "after the famous Italian adventurer and philanderer Giacomo Casanova, in reference to the unusual sexual ornamentation of the males of some species".			[100]
Castrillonia vivaldiana † García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Antonio Vivaldi	A fossil orthid from the Devonian of Spain, "Dedicated to the immortal Venetian Baroque composer and performer, for his immense symphonic works."			[101]
Caupolicana Spinola, 1851	Bee	Caupolicán	A genus described from specimens collected in Chile, named "in honor of Caupolicán, the most famous of Chileans who dared to resist the invasions of foreigners and who sacrificed himself for the independence of his tribe."			[102]
Ceratoneuronella aligherini Girault, 1915	Wasp	Dante Alighieri				[44]
Chaetonotus napoleonicus Balsamo, Todaro & Tongiorgi, 1992	Hairyback worm	Napoleon	"after the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who was held in exile on the island of Elba." (the type locality)			[103]
Charops cavendishae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Replacement name for Charops ater (Szépligeti, 1910), which had originally been described as Agrypon atrum Szépligeti, 1910, but upon being transferred to the genus Charops in 1961, became a junior homonym of Charops ater Szépligeti, 1908.			[51]
Charybdis (Goniosupradens) mathiasi † Müller, 1984	Crustacean	Matthias I of Hungary	A fossil species of swimming crab from the Miocene of Hungary, named after "the Hungarian king Mathias, whose favorite spot was Visegrád, the first known locality of the species."			[104]
Chasicotatus spinozai † Scillato-Yané, Krmpotic & Esteban, 2010	Armadillo	Baruch Spinoza	A fossil species from the Miocene of Argentina.			[105]
Cherokeea attakullakulla Quinter & Sullivan, 2014	Moth	Attakullakulla				[106]
Chirotica dumeeae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Jeanne Dumée	Replacement name for Chirotica orientalis Kanhekar, 1989, which was preoccupied by Chirotica orientalis Horstmann, 1983.			[51]
Chirotica eimmartae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Maria Clara Eimmart	Replacement name for Chirotica nigriventris Townes, 1983, which was preoccupied by Chirotica nigriventris Horstmann, 1983.			[51]
Chlerogella cyranoi Engel, 2010	Bee	Cyrano de Bergerac	A species with an elongated head, named "honoring Hector Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac (1619–1655), French dramatist who was famously known for his overly large nose."			[107]
Chlerogella tychoi Engel, 2010	Bee	Tycho Brahe	A species with an elongated head, named "honoring Danish nobleman and astronomer Tycho Brahe, the Latinized name adopted by Tyge Ottesen Brahe de Knudstrup (1546–1601). During his life Tycho painstakingly catalogued celestial movements, data later used by individuals such as his assistant Johannes Kepler. As a student Tycho lost part of his nose in a duel and he apparently wore a prosthetic nose made of silver and gold, although speculation and evidence exists to suggest it was perhaps made of copper."			[107]
Chriacus metocometi † Van Valen, 1978	Arctocyonian (an extinct order of mammals)	Metacomet				[108]
Chriacus oconostotae † Van Valen, 1978	Arctocyonian (an extinct order of mammals)	Oconostota				[108]
Chrysolina confucii Lopatin, 2007	Beetle	Confucius	A leaf beetle native to Sichuan, China.			[109]
Chrysophanus rauparaha Fereday, 1877	Butterfly	Te Rauparaha	Known as Rauparaha's copper or mokarakare, this species of butterfly, endemic to New Zealand, was first identified from specimens collected in Kaiapoi, and named "after the Māori chief Te Rauparaha, of the history of whose life the siege and capture of Kaiapoi Pā occupies a prominent part." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lycaena.			[110]
Cingulina archimedea Melvill, 1896	Sea snail	Archimedes	"The miniature screw-like appearance suggested the trivial name, after Archimedes, the celebrated Syracusan mathematician, inventor of the screw, who is reported to have taken for his model thereof the well-known Mediterranean shell Turritella terebra, L."			[111]
Claudius Cope, 1865	Turtle	Claudius				[13]
Clavilithes atahuallpai † Hanna & Israelsky, 1925	Sea snail	Atahualpa	A fossil species from the Miocene of Peru, "named after Atahuallpa, the last king of the Incas."			[112]
Cleopatra Troschel, 1856	Snail	Cleopatra VII				[113]
Cleopatrodon † Bown & Simons, 1987	Ptolemaiidan (an extinct order of mammals)	Cleopatra VII				[15]
Closterocerus saintpierrei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	"This species is respectfully dedicated to the Abbe Saint-Pierre for his The Project of Perpetual Peace."			[114]
Coccophagus swifti Girault, 1915	Wasp	Jonathan Swift	Subsequently transferred to the genus Encarsia.			[29][115]
Coiba jeffersoni Kula 2009	Wasp	Thomas Jefferson	"named in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States of America, for his contributions as a politician, architect, and naturalist."			[116]
Coleolaelaps ferdowsi Joharchi, 2012	Mite	Ferdowsi	This species of mite, native to Iran, is parasitic of beetle larvae of genus Polyphylla. "The species is named in memory of Hakim Abol Qasem Ferdowsi Tousi, one of the greatest Persian poets, author of the Shahnameh ("The Epic of Kings"), the Persian national epic."			[117]
Colona Cav	Flowering plant	Christopher Columbus	"In memory of the famous Christopher Columbus, or rather Colón, as he and his descendants wanted to be known in Spain; who, by a remarkable feat, discovered the New World, completely unknown to the ancients, and so increased the empire of Flora in a wonderful manner. But if botanists make certain plants distinguished by the names of Cookii, Bougainvillea, and other navigators; this new race must be consecrated to the superior title of Columbus, the leader of the navigators of the modern age."			[118]
Confucius Distant, 1907	True bug	Confucius				[13]
Confuciusornis † Hou, Zhou, Gu & Zhang, 1995	Bird	Confucius	A genus of primitive birds from the Jurassic of China. The name means "Confucius's bird".			[119][13]
Cookia Lesson, 1832	Sea snail	James Cook	A genus from New Zealand, of which Cook's expeditions reportedly collected the first known specimens.			[120]
Copernicia Mart.	Palm	Nicolaus Copernicus				[121]
Cosmocomoidea grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus Agalmopolynema.			[33][122]
Cosmolaelaps sejongi Keum, Jung & Joharchi, 2017	Mite	Sejong the Great	"The species is named in memory of Sejong the Great [...], the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty in [the] Republic of Korea, who encouraged creativity and advancements in scientific technology and under whom the Hangeul (Korean alphabet) was created." This species is native to South Korea.			[123]
Cotesia parthenayae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Catherine de Parthenay	Proposed as replacement name for Cotesia nonagriae (Viereck, 1913), which had been originally described as Apanteles (Stenopleura) nonagriae Viereck, 1913, but, upon being transferred to the genus Cotesia, had become a junior homonym of Cotesia nonagriae (Olliff, 1893). However, Cotesia nonagriae (Viereck, 1913) has been found to be a junior synonym of Cotesia flavipes Cameron 1891, making Kittel's replacement name unnecessary.			[51][124]
Cowperia Girault, 1919	Wasp	William Cowper				[13]
Crambus bachi Bassi, 2012	Moth	Johann Sebastian Bach				[125]
Crambus frescobaldii Bassi, 2012	Moth	Girolamo Frescobaldi				[125]
Crambus mozarti Bassi, 2012	Moth	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart				[125]
Crambus rossinii Bassi, 2012	Moth	Gioachino Rossini				[125]
Crassatellites pizarroi † Hanna & Israelsky, 1925	Bivalve	Francisco Pizarro	A fossil species from the Miocene of Peru, "named for Francis Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror of Peru." Subsequently synonymised with Hybolophus nelsoni.			[112][126]
Cremastobaeus mahaviraii Veenakumari, 2017	Wasp	Mahavira	This species is native to India.			[127]
Cremastobaeus valmikii Veenakumari, 2017	Wasp	Valmiki	This species is native to India.			[127]
Crocidura attila Dollman, 1915	Shrew	Attila				[15]
Crossopriza ibnsinai Huber, 2022	Spider	Avicenna	A cellar spider native to Central Asia. "The name honors Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna; ~980–1037), a Persian polymath, physician, astronomer, and thinker."			[128]
Crossopriza khayyami Huber, 2022	Spider	Omar Khayyam	A cellar spider native to Western Asia. "The name honors Omar Khayyam (1048–1131), a Persian polymath, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet."			[128]
Cryptus bryanae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Margaret Bryan	Replacement name for Cryptus intermedius Ratzeburg, 1852, which was preoccupied by Cryptus intermedius Schiødte, 1839.			[51]
Culicoides huaynacapaci Felippe-Bauer, 2008	Fly	Huayna Capac	A species of biting midge native to Peru.			[129]
Cycladophora goetheana Haeckel 1887	Protist	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	Subsequently transferred to genus Podocyrtis.			[15]
Cyclammina garcilassoi † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Inca Garcilaso de la Vega	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru.			[130]
Cyclocephala casanova Ratcliffe & Cave, 2009	Beetle	Giacomo Casanova				[13]
Cyclophora serveti Redondo & Gastón, 1999	Moth	Michael Servetus	A species of geometer moth (inchworm) native to Spain, "dedicated to the Aragonese humanist Miguel Servet, an active connoisseur of the most diverse areas of human knowledge. He achieved his greatest glory in medicine with the first description, in the West, of the lesser circulation of the blood." The type locality is Torralba de los Frailes in Zaragoza province, Aragón.			[131]
Czarnoclymenia ibnrushdi † Korn, 1999	Ammonite	Averroes	A fossil clymeniid from the Devonian of Morocco, named "After Ibn Rushd (lat. Averroes), *1126 Córdoba, †1198 Marrakech; Arabian physician, philosopher, and commentator on Aristotle (Averroism – theory of the beginningless existence of the world)."			[132]
Dahlibruchus nezahualcoyotli Romero Nápoles & Romero Ramírez, 2011	Beetle	Nezahualcoyotl	"The specific epithet refers to Acolmiztli Nezahualcóyotl (1402-1472), King of Tezcoco, known commonly as the Poet King." This species is native to Mexico, and the holotype was found in Texcotzingo, the royal gardens of Nezahualcoyotl.			[133]
Dalejinna telemanni † García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Georg Philipp Telemann	A fossil orthid from the Devonian of Spain, "Dedicated to the great 17th century composer Georg Philipp Telemann, probably the most prolific composer in history, particularly for his vibrant and emotive trumpet music."			[101]
Dasyurus spartacus Van Dyck, 1987	Marsupial mammal	Spartacus				[15]
Davincia Girault, 1924	Wasp	Leonardo da Vinci				[13]
Demosthenesia A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Demosthenes				[134]
Dentalina oviedoi † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru, named "in honor of Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, contemporary of the Conquest of Peru, whose manuscript reports have been widely quoted."			[130]
Descampsia Risbec, 1955	Wasp	Jean-Baptiste Descamps				[13]
Descampsina Mesnil, 1956	Fly	Jean-Baptiste Descamps				[13]
Desisopsis magallanesorum Vives, 2012	Beetle	Ferdinand Magellan	A longhorn beetle native to Mindanao, Philippines, dedicated "in memory of the great explorer Fernão de Magalhães and all of his family members that joined him in the expedition of 1519-1522 and the exploration of the Philippines."			[135]
Diadegma chateletae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Émilie du Châtelet	Replacement name for Diadegma truncatum (Viereck, 1925), which had originally been described as Campoplex (Hyposoter) truncatus Viereck, 1925, but upon being transferred to the genus Diadegma in 1979, became a junior homonym of Diadegma truncatum (Thomson, 1887).			[51]
Dipoena ohigginsi Levi, 1963	Spider	Bernardo O'Higgins	This species is native to Chile, and the holotype was found in O'Higgins Region.			[136]
Discheramocephalus capac Darby, 2016	Beetle	Huayna Capac	This species is native to Peru.			[137]
Discomorpha atahualpai Borowiec, 2006	Beetle	Atahualpa	This species is native to Peru.			[138]
Discorbis huascari † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Huáscar	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru, "named for the heir of the Inca dynasty, son of Huayna Capac, executed by Atahuallpa prior to the conquest of Peru."			[130]
Dolecta karamzini Naydenov, Yakovlev, Penco & Sinyaev, 2020	Moth	Nikolay Karamzin				[139]
Dolecta pushkini Naydenov, Yakovlev, Penco & Sinyaev, 2020	Moth	Alexander Pushkin				[139]
Doliops elcanoi Vives, 2011	Beetle	Juan Sebastián Elcano	"We name this species after the great Basque seafarer, Juan Sebastián Elcano (1476-1526), who joined Ferdinand Magellan in his naval expedition, being the first naval officer to circumnavigate the Earth."			[140]
Doliops urdanetai Vives, 2011	Beetle	Andrés de Urdaneta	"We name this species after the great Spanish seafarer and member of the Dominican Order, Friar Andrés de Urdaneta y Cerain (Ordícia, 1508 – Ciudad de México, 1568). He was the first to establish the maritime route to return from the Philippines to Mexico, 'El Tornaviaje'"			[140]
Doronomyrmex pocahontas Buschinger, 1979	Ant	Pocahontas	"The new species was found and identified while I was staying at Pocahontas Bungalows near the east entrance to Jasper Park, Alberta. Pocahontas is the name of a North American Indian princess (1595-1617) who was born in Virginia [...]. The word means "the playful one" and is descriptive of the problems that I had in identifying the males." Genus Doronomyrmex was subsequently synonymised with Leptothorax.			[141]
Dracula vlad-tepes Luer & R.Escobar	Orchid	Vlad the Impaler				[142][143]
Drosophila cuauhtemoci Felix et al., 1976	Fly	Cuauhtémoc	A small fruit fly native to Mexico, "named in honor of Cuauhtémoc, the last emperor of the Aztecs and a national hero of Mexico."			[144]
Drosophila ruminahuii Vela & Rafael, 2004	Fly	Rumiñahui	A small fruit fly native to Ecuador, "named in honor of Rumiñahui, an indigenous hero who bravely fought against the Spaniards in the 1500's."			[145]
Dyadospora ferdowsii † Ghavidel-Syooki & Piri-Kangarshahi, 2021	Cryptospore	Ferdowsi	A cryptospore from the Ordovician of Razavi Khorasan, Iran, whose name "Refers to Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi, a Persian poet and the author of the Shahnameh book, the longest epic poem in the world created by a single poet, and the national epic of Greater Iran (born in 940 ACE in Tus, near Mashhad [in Razavi Khorasan province]; died in 1020 ACE in the same place)."			[2]
Egilona O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Egilona	Subsequently synonymised with Ceratinopsis.			[55]
Elasmopus yupanquii Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Cápac Yupanqui	"The species name refers to the emperor Cápac Yupanqui, who was the forerunner king of the first people of the Inca civilization."			[146]
Elasmopus incarocai Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Inca Roca	"The species name refers to the emperor Inca Roca, the first king of Inca civilization."			[146]
Elasmopus yahuarhuaci Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Yawar Waqaq	"The species name refers to the Yahuar Huac [sic]—the third [sic, actually second] Inca King, whose name means tears of blood. This name alludes to the red color of the living species."			[146]
Elasmopus viracochai Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Viracocha Inca	"The species name refers to the emperor Viracocha, who was the fourth [sic, actually third] King of the Inca civilization."			[146]
Elasmopus pachacuteci Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016	Crustacean	Pachacuti	"The species name refers to the Pachacútec, the fifth [sic, actually fourth] King of Inca civilization, who was the most powerful emperor of them"			[146]
Electrophorus voltai de Santana et al., 2019	Electric eel	Alessandro Volta	Capable of discharges of up to 860 V, this species is the strongest bioelectricity generator known to science.			[147]
Elephantis Castelin, Marquet & Klotz, 2013	Crustacean	Elephantis	"Elephantis is a humorous name after an ancient Greek erotical poetess in reference to the enlarged sexual appendages of males."			[148]
Elephas columbi † Falconer, 1857	Mammoth	Christopher Columbus	The Columbian mammoth inhabited the southern half of North America, ranging from the northern United States across Mexico as far south as Costa Rica, during the Pleistocene epoch. Subsequently transferred to genus Mammuthus.			[149]
Eleutherodactylus amadeus Hedges et al., 1987	Frog	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Named after Mozart "for the remarkable resemblance of the wide-band audiospectrogram of this species to musical notes".			[150][151]
Eleutherodactylus simonbolivari Wiens & Coloma, 1992	Frog	Simón Bolívar	Subsequently transferred to genus Pristimantis.			[150]
Enallax napoleoni † Girard	Green alga	Napoleon	A fossil species found in Cretaceous amber from Île-d'Aix, off the west coast of France, and named "In reference to the history of Aix Island. The emperor Napoléon I, after he was defeated in Waterloo, stayed for a time on Aix Island before [going on] to be exiled and to die on Sainte Hélène Island."			[152]
Encyocrypta abelardi Raven, 1994	Spider	Peter Abelard	A brushed trapdoor spider endemic to New Caledonia; the holotype was collected from the same locality as Encyocrypta heloiseae.			[153]
Encyocrypta heloiseae Raven, 1994	Spider	Héloïse	A brushed trapdoor spider endemic to New Caledonia; the holotype was collected from the same locality as Encyocrypta abelardi.			[153]
Entedonomyia platoni Girault, 1915	Wasp	Plato	Subsequently synonymised with Pediobius agaristae.			[44]
Enrico O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Euric	Subsequently synonymised with Eucteniza. The only described species, Enrico mexicanus, was renamed Eucteniza atoyacensis (to avoid homonymy with Eucteniza mexicana), and considered a nomen dubium: since it was originally described based on a juvenile specimen, it is unclear whether it represents a distinct species.			[55]
Entedonomphale boccaccioi Triapitsyn, 2005	Wasp	Giovanni Boccaccio				[154]
Epiblatticida lambi Girault, 1915	Wasp	Charles Lamb				[29]
Epipeltephilus kanti † González-Ruiz, Scillato-Yané, Krmpotic & Carlini, 2012	Armadillo	Immanuel Kant	A fossil species from the Miocene of Argentina, named "in honor of the Prussian philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724–1804), brilliant creator of the criticism and precursor of the modern scientific philosophy."			[155]
Epiperilampus channingi Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ellery Channing	"Respectfully dedicated to the William Ellery Channing in recognition of his public utterances against war." Subsequently transferred to genus Trichilogaster.			[114][156]
Epirhyssa shaka Rousse & Van Noort, 2014	Wasp	Shaka				[157]
Epistenia goethei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe				[158]
Eponides huaynai † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Huayna Capac	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru.			[130]
Eponides zaratei † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Agustín de Zárate	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru.			[130]
Ercilla A.Juss.	Flowering plant	Alonso de Ercilla	A genus native to Chile, "named after the author of a famous epic set in Chile" (La Araucana).			[159]
Ervig O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Erwig	Subsequently synonymised with Diguetia.			[55]
Erythraeus hafezi Saboori, Hakimitabar & Mahmoudi, 2014	Mite	Hafez	Described from specimens collected in Shiraz, Iran, and "named in memory of Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi (a Persian lyric poet). His collected works are composed of a series of Persian poetry (Divan). His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-Fourteenth Century Persian writing more than any other author. Hafez was born in Shiraz city, Iran and his mausoleum, Hafezieh, is located in the Musalla Gardens of Shiraz city"			[160]
Erythrodiplax cleopatra Ris, 1911	Dragonfly	Cleopatra VII				[161]
Escallonia atahuallpae J.F.Macbr.	Flowering plant	Atahualpa	This species is native to Peru. "Whether King Atahuallpa murdered his brother or merely defended himself, his famous name may appropriately be perpetuated in the botany of the land of the Incas. Anyway, it may be mentioned, for the pleasure of the cynics, that it would not be the first time that a plant has been named for a reprobate." Subsequently synonymised with Escallonia pendula.			[162]
Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page, 1997	Fish	Tecumseh	This species is native to Pond River in Kentucky, in an area inhabited by the Shawnee in the past. Its common name is "Shawnee darter".			[163]
Eucharomorpha worcesteri Girault, 1913	Wasp	Noah Worcester	"This beautiful species, the first to be recorded from the American continent, is respectfully dedicated to Noah Worcester for his A Solemn Review of the Custom of War." Subsequently transferred to genus Orasema.			[158]
Euderomyia carlylei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Thomas Carlyle	Subsequently transferred to the genus Omphale.			[5][164]
Eulophus agathyllus Walker, 1846	Wasp	Agathyllus				[165]
Eupatorium L.	Flowering plant	Mithridates VI Eupator	Named in honor of Mithridates VI Eupator, 132-63 B.C., ancient king of Pontus, who reportedly discovered the medicinal uses for some Eupatorium species plants.			[166][167]
Eupelmus fieldingi Girault, 1915	Wasp	Henry Fielding				[29]
Eupelmus grotii Girault, 1915	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently synonymised with Eupelmus antipoda.			[29]
Eupelmus lambi Girault, 1915	Wasp	Charles Lamb	Subsequently transferred to genus Brasema.			[29]
Eupelmus montaignei Girault, 1915	Wasp	Michel de Montaigne				[29]
Euphorbia regis-jubae Webb & Berthel.	Flowering plant	Juba II				[15]
Eurycea junaluska Sever et al., 1976	Salamander	Junaluska				[168]
Eusphalerum kanti † Shavrin & Yamamoto, 2019	Beetle	Immanuel Kant	A fossil species found in Eocene Baltic Amber, "named in honour of the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), the author of the doctrine of transcendental idealism." Kant was born in Königsberg, on the Baltic coast.			[169]
Exetastes cornaroae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Elena Cornaro Piscopia	Replacement name for Exetastes rufiventris Meyer, 1929, which had become a junior homonym when Banchus rufiventris Brullé, 1846 was transferred to the genus Exetastes in 1966, becoming Exetastes rufiventris (Brullé, 1846).			[51]
Exetastes crousae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Marie Crous	Replacement name for Exetastes longipes Uchida, 1928, which had become a junior homonym when Campoplex longipes Smith, 1878 was transferred to the genus Exetastes in 1961, becoming Exetastes longipes (Smith, 1878).			[51]
Fagara avicennae Lam.	Flowering plant	Avicenna	Subsequently transferred to genus Zanthoxylum.			[170]
Falco eleonorae Gené, 1839	Bird of prey	Eleanor of Arborea	A species of falcon described from specimens captured in Sardinia and named after Eleanor of Arborea, Queen or Lady-Judge (Juighissa) and national heroine of Sardinia, who in 1392, under the jurisdiction conferred by the Carta de Logu, became the first ruler in history to grant protection to hawk and falcon nests against illegal hunters.			[171][172]
Favila O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Favila of Asturias	Subsequently synonymised with Eucteniza.			[55]
Finlayia Girault 1934	Wasp	George Finlay				[13]
Floracarus atillai Ripka, 2009	Mite	Attila	A shrub-infesting mite found in Hungary, "named in honour of Atilla [sic] (?–453), King of [the] Hun Empire (reigned: 434–453)."			[7]
Franklinia W.Bartram ex Marshall	Flowering plant	Benjamin Franklin				[15]
Gallus lafayettii Lesson, 1831	Fowl	Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette				[173]
Gazella bilkis † Groves & Lay, 1985	Gazelle	Queen of Sheba	"Bilkis or Bilqis is the name given to the Queen of Sheba in Arabic writings. [...] The kingdom of Sheba corresponded approximately with the modern Republic of North Yemen [the type locality] [...]. The name thus commemorates both the legendary beauty of the Queen of Sheba and the geographic location of her realm."			[174]
Gentiana L.	Flowering plant	Gentius				[15]
Geotrypus copernici † Skoczeń, 1980	Mole	Nicolaus Copernicus	A fossil species from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Poland, "Named [in] commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the birth of Mikołaj Kopernik, the great Polish astronomer." Subsequently transferred to genus Skoczenia.			[175][176]
Givira cleopatra Barnes & McDunnough, 1912	Moth	Cleopatra VII				[177]
Gnathia beethoveni Paul & Menzies, 1971	Crustacean	Ludwig van Beethoven				[15]
Gobiesox juniperoserrai Espinosa Pérez & Castro-Aguirre, 1996	Fish	Junípero Serra	A freshwater clingfish from Baja California, named "for Fray Junipero Serra, Jesuit missionary, evangelizer, and explorer of the Alta and Baja California region during the Colonial epoch."			[178]
Godiva Macnae, 1954	Sea slug	Lady Godiva				[15]
Goetheana Girault, 1920	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe				[15]
Goetheana pushkini Triapitsyn, 2005	Wasp	Alexander Pushkin				[154]
Goetheana rabelaisi Triapitsyn, 2005	Wasp	François Rabelais	"Continuing A.A. Girault's trend to name some taxa after the great poets and writers of the past (particularly in this genus), I am naming this new species after François Rabelais."			[154]
Goetheana shakespearei Girault, 1920	Wasp	William Shakespeare				[15]
Goethella Girault, 1928	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe				[13]
Goloboffia biberi Ferretti, Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2019	Spider	Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber	"in honor of the Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber (1644–1704), one of the most important composers for the violin in the history of the instrument."			[179]
Goloboffia pachelbeli Ferretti, Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2019	Spider	Johann Pachelbel	"in honor of Johannes [sic] Pachelbel (1653–1706), a German composer and organist, and one of the most important composers of the middle Baroque era."			[179]
Gomphotherium hannibali † Welcomme, 1994	Proboscidean	Hannibal	A fossil species, related to elephants, from the Miocene of Languedoc, France; named "in honour of the Carthaginian general Hannibal who, on his journey through Languedoc to conquer Rome in 218 BC, passed with his elephants near the site [where the remains were found]."			[180]
Gonatocerus baconi Girault, 1912	Wasp	Roger Bacon	"Dedicated to the Roman Catholic friar, Roger Bacon, who, in an early superstitious and ignorant century, long since laid down the basis for science and reason. He was centuries ahead of his time." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[17][181]
Gonatocerus brunoi Girault, 1912	Wasp	Giordano Bruno	"Dedicated to the monistic philosopher Giordano Bruno, who in the middle ages was a father of monism and a sound thinker at a time when most were under the combined influence of superstition and dogmatic religion." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[17][181]
Gonatocerus carlylei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Thomas Carlyle	Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[33][181]
Gonatocerus comptei Girault, 1912	Wasp	Auguste Comte	"Dedicated to Auguste Comte, the positive philosopher, whose philosophic principles, although not always right, were based upon positivism, materialism, realism or experience combined with reason."			[17]
Gonatocerus davinci Girault, 1912	Wasp	Leonardo da Vinci	"Dedicated to Leonardo Da Vinci, the manly Italian, one of the earliest of scientists." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[17][181]
Gonatocerus goethei Girault, 1912	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	"Dedicated to Johann Wolfgang Goethe, poet, naturalist and monistic philosopher." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[17][181]
Gonatocerus huyghensi Girault, 1912	Wasp	Christiaan Huyghens	"Dedicated to Huyghens who discovered the vibratory principle of light." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[17][181]
Gonatocerus lomonosoffi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Mikhail Lomonosov	Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[182][181]
Gonatocerus saintpierrei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	"Respectfully dedicated to the Abbe Saint-Pierre for his work entitled The Project of Perpetual Peace." Subsequently transferred to genus Lymaenon.			[183][181]
Gonatocerus shakespearei Girault, 1915	Wasp	William Shakespeare	Subsequently transferred to genus Lymaenon.			[184][181]
Gonatocerus spinozai Girault, 1912	Wasp	Baruch Spinoza	"Dedicated to the profound student and thinker, Baruch Spinoza, who in the seventeenth century introduced the monistic conception of matter, "the loftiest, profoundest, and truest thought of all ages"." Subsequently transferred to the genus Lymaenon.			[17][181]
Goniacodon hiawathae † Van Valen, 1978	Mesonychian (an extinct order of mammals)	Hiawatha				[108]
Goyacrinus † Cole et al., 2017	Sea lily	Francisco de Goya	A fossil genus of crinoids from the Ordovician of Zaragoza, Spain, named "in recognition of the Spanish painter, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, who was born in Fuendetodos (Zaragoza province), several kilometers north of the locality were this crinoid was collected."			[185]
Grotiusella Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently synonymised with the genus Eulophinusia Girault, 1913.			[5][186]
Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917	Wasp	Hugo Grotius				[13]
Guarocuyus Landestov, Schools, & Hedges, 2022	Lizard	Guarocuya (Enriquillo)	A monotypic genus of galliwasp lizard from the Dominican Republic, named after Guarocuya, the likely indigenous name of Enriquillo, a Taíno cacique who rebelled against the Spaniards.			[187]
Guemesia † Agnolín et al., 2022	Dinosaur	Martín Miguel de Güemes	An abelisaurid dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Argentina "honoring General Martin Miguel de Güemes, who was both Governor and a military leader who defended northwestern Argentina during the War of Independence. The year 2021 has been declared as "the bicentennial of the death of General Güemes" by the Senate of the Argentine Nation."			[188]
Gustavia L.	Flowering plant	Gustav III of Sweden	Dedicated by Linnaeus to honour his king.			[189]
Gutenbergia Sch.Bip.	Flowering plant	Johannes Gutenberg				[189]
Gyrolasella channingi Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ellery Channing	"Respectfully dedicated to William E. Channing for his Discourses on War." Subsequently transferred to the name Cirrospilus channingianus.			[5][190]
Halimuraena shakai Winterbottom, 1978	Fish	Shaka	"Named for the Zulu king, Shaka, who raised his people from a small tribe to a powerful nation. The hastate body of the new species is a perhaps fanciful reminder of the short stabbing spear or "iklwa" which Shaka developed and used with such devastating effect." This species was found in Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			[191]
Hallucinochrysa diogenesi † Pérez-de la Fuente, Delclòs, Peñalver & Engel, 2012	Lacewing	Diogenes	A fossil species found in Cretaceous amber from northern Spain. Only the larva is known, which, like the larvae of many extant lacewings, camouflaged itself by covering its body with debris, but in this case its exceptionally long bristles formed a basket which enabled it to carry a very large "trash packet". "The species name is a patronym for the Greek philosopher Diogenes of Sinope, whose name has been applied to a human behavioral disorder characterized by compulsive hoarding of trash."			[192]
Halobacterium bonnevillei Myers & King, 2020	Archaeon	Benjamin Bonneville	A halophile archaeon isolated from Bonneville Salt Flats (Utah, US) salt crusts and nearby saline soils, whose name "honours Major Benjamin Bonneville, for whom Bonneville Salt Flats is named."			[193]
Hannibalia Girault, 1928	Thrip	Hannibal				[13]
Hanyusuchus † Iijima et al., 2022	Crocodile	Han Yu	An extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian from the Holocene of South China, whose extinction may have been human-induced, according to researchers. In his 819 work "Text for the Crocodiles" (祭鱷魚文), Han Yu issued a proclamation in which he instructed the crocodiles to leave the area of Chaozhou or be killed, after a rash of crocodile attacks on humans and livestock.			[194][195]
Haplophragmoides atahuallpai † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Atahualpa	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru, whose name is "derived from that of the ruling Inca at the time of the conquest of Peru."			[130]
Haplophragmoides zaratei † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Agustín de Zárate	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru.			[130]
Harpactea asparuhi Lazarov, 2008	Spider	Asparuh of Bulgaria	This species is native to Bulgaria.			[196]
Harpagus Vigors, 1824	Bird of prey	Harpagus				[15]
Harriotta raleighana Goode & T. H. Bean, 1895	Chimaera	Sir Walter Raleigh	The narrownose chimaera, found in temperate seas worldwide, at depths between 200 and 2,600 m. Its length is between 1.0 and 1.5 m, including a long, tapering snout and a long, filamentous tail. "This species is named in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh, philosopher and explorer, by whom the first English scientific expedition was sent to the New World."			[197]
Hedyosmum huascari J.F.Macbr.	Flowering plant	Huáscar	This species is native to Peru. "Its name conmemorates Huascar, son of the Inca king Huyana [sic]. He died in battle over the kingdom inherited jointly with his brother Atahuallpa."			[162]
Helenicula naresuani Stekolnikov, 2016	Mite	Naresuan	A species of chigger found on common treeshrews and greater bandicoot rats in Thailand, "named after Naresuan, the king of Ayutthaya Kingdom (at the territory of modern Thailand) in 1590–1605, one of the most glorious Thai kings."			[198]
Heliophanus xerxesi Logunov, 2019	Spider	Xerxes I	This species, native to Iran, is "named after Xerxes I (reigned 485–465 BC) of the Achaemenid dynasty, the King of Persia, who marched against Greece but was defeated at Salamis."			[199]
Heliotropium khayyamii Akhani	Flowering plant	Omar Khayyam	A heliotrope from Khorasan, Iran, whose name "honours a Persian astronomer, mathematician and poet of [the] 12th Century, Hakim Omar Khayyam from Neyshabur." The holotype was collected near Neyshabur.			[200]
Hellinsia benalcazari Gielis, 2011	Moth	Sebastián de Belalcázar	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after Sebastian de Benalcazar, lieutenant of Francisco Pizarro, the conquistador of South America."			[8]
Hellinsia espejoi Gielis, 2014	Moth	Eugenio Espejo	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after and in honor of Eugenia [sic] Espejo, son of an indian father and mulatto mother, born in 1747. He was a brilliant scholar and poet, writing against colonialism. He died in prison in 1795."			[201]
Hellinsia huayna Gielis, 2011	Moth	Huayna Capac	This species is native to Ecuador.			[8]
Hellinsia montufari Gielis, 2011	Moth	Carlos de Montúfar	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after Montufar, an Ecuadorian freedom fighter, opposing the Spanish."			[8]
Hellinsia orellanai Gielis, 2011	Moth	Francisco de Orellana	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after Francesco de Orellana, conquistador and lieutenant of Gonzalo Pizarro."			[8]
Hellinsia paccha Gielis, 2011	Moth	Paccha Duchicela	This species is native to Ecuador.			[8]
Hellinsia pizarroi Gielis, 2011	Moth	Francisco Pizarro	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, the first European to set foot in many parts of South America."			[8]
Hellinsia ruminahuii Gielis, 2011	Moth	Rumiñahui	This species is native to Ecuador.			[8]
Hellinsia sucrei Gielis, 2011	Moth	Antonio José de Sucre	This species is native to Ecuador and "named after Antonio José de Sucre, who was crucial in achieving the freedom of several South American countries."			[8]
Hellinsia tupaci Gielis, 2011	Moth	Topa Inca Yupanqui	This species is native to Ecuador.			[8]
Hemicyclopora pytheasi Harmelin & Rosso, 2023	Bryozoan	Pytheas	A species from the Northern Atlantic coast of France, named "In honour of Pytheas, famous antique astronomer and sailor, citizen of Massalia (ancient Greek name of Marseille), who explored the northern seas during the 4th century B.C., and in reference to the geographical distribution of this species."			[202]
Hemitoma (Montfortia) davincii † Pacaud, 2004	Limpet	Leonardo da Vinci	A fossil species from the Paleocene of France "Dedicated to the great Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), explorer of the Arts and Sciences and exceptional observer who wrote: "With time, the sea withdrew, the mud was converted into stone and the shells, now deprived of their animals, were filled with mud and thus in the course of the transformation into stone."			[203]
Hernandaria zumbii DaSilva & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2010	Harvestman	Zumbi dos Palmares	"In honor of Zumbi dos Palmares (1655-1695), leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares, town where black slaves lived after escaping from Portuguese landlords in northeast Brazil. He is a symbol of black resistance in Brazil." This species is native to Brazil.			[204]
Herodotia Girault 1931	Wasp	Herodotus				[13]
Hesperia hobomok Harris, 1862	Butterfly	Hobomok	Subsequently transferred to genus Lon.			[13][205]
Heterakis atahualpai Freitas & Ibáñez, 1961	Roundworm	Atahualpa	A parasite of the Andean tinamou, found in Peru, named "in homage to the memory of Atahualpa, the last Inca, killed in 1533 by order of Pizarro."			[206]
Heterospilus washingtoni Marsh, 2013	Wasp	George Washington				[207]
Heterospilus xerxes Marsh, 2013	Wasp	Xerxes I				[207]
Hippocratea L.	Flowering plant	Hippocrates				[208]
Homalonotus herschelii † Murchison, 1839	Trilobite	John Herschel	A trilobite from the upper Silurian and lower Devonian of South Africa; Murchison said "I have selected it because it marks the fact that the eminent astronomer, after whom it is named, occupied a portion of the time he passed in Southern Africa in promoting geological investigation. The fossil was first sent to me by him." Subsequently transferred to genus Burmeisteria.			[209]
Homeryon Galil, 2000	Crustacean	Homer				[210]
Hoplitaspis hiawathai † Lamsdell et al., 2019	Early Arthropod	Hiawatha	A fossil chasmataspidid from the Ordovician Big Hill Formation in Michigan, US, "Named after Hiawatha, Native American leader and co-founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, whose name is given to the Hiawatha National Forest located nearby to the Stonington Peninsula locality."			[211]
Hycleus marcipoli Pan & Bologna, 2014	Beetle	Marco Polo	"As a tribute to the collaboration established among the authors during the Ph.D. studies made in Italy by one of them (PZ), the new species is named after Marco Polo (1254–1324), the Venetian explorer who, during a long period of permanence in China in the late XIII century (1271–1284), established the first well documented relationships between the Chinese and European worlds and opened western culture to the wide and rich Chinese heritage."			[212]
Hydraena grueberi Skale & Jäch, 2009	Beetle	Johann Grueber	"Named for the Austrian Jesuit priest Johannes [sic] Grueber (1623–1680), who was the first European to visit and report about Tibet's capital Lhasa and its mystical Potala Palace. On his way back he traversed the Himalaya and visited Kathmandu Valley. Grueber probably was the first Austrian in Nepal." This species is native to Nepal, and its discoverers are Austrian.			[213]
Hylomyrma dandarae Ulysséa, 2021	Ant	Dandara	"named in honor of Dandara (?–1694), a leader and warrior in the resistance against slavery during the Brazilian colonial period. She was part of the "Quilombo dos Palmares", the largest settlement of African and Afro-Brazilian peoples who escaped enslavement."			[214]
Ibyka † J.E. Skog & H.P. Banks	Plant	Ibycus				[13]
Ichneumon cunitzae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Maria Cunitz	Replacement name for Ichneumon impressus Gmelin, 1790: 2704, which was preoccupied by Ichneumon impressus Gmelin, 1790: 2698.			[51]
Ichneumon vandenbrandeae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Jacoba van den Brande	Replacement name for Ichneumon lateralis Kriechbaumer, 1887, which was preoccupied by Ichneumon lateralis Cuvier, 1833.			[51]
Idarnoides channingi Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ellery Channing	"Respectfully dedicated to William Ellery Channing, for his efforts directed against war." Subsequently transferred to genus Apocrypta.			[26][215]
Impatiens aadishankarii Bhaskar & Sringesh	Flowering plant	Adi Shankara	A balsamine native to Karnataka, India, named after the sage Adi Shankara, who is believed to have meditated upon the Kodachadri peak (the type locality).			[216][217] [218]
Iris ferdowsii Joharchi & Memariani	Flowering plant	Ferdowsi	The specific epithet "ferdowsii" honours the great Persian poet "Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi Tousi" (940−1020 AD) whose tomb is located in Tous town, near Mashhad, the capital city of Razavi Khorasan province, Iran [which contains the distribution range of this species]. The type locality of the new species is situated 25 km NE of Pazh (Paj) village, [his birthplace]."			[219]
Isotogastrura ahuizotli Palacios-Vargas & Thibaud, 1998	Springtail	Ahuitzotl	This species is native to Baja California, Mexico.			[220]
Jawharia † Seiffert et al., 2007	Afrosoricidan mammal	Jawhar al-Siqilli	A fossil species from the Oligocene of Northern Egypt.			[221]
Jeffersonia Barton	Flowering plant	Thomas Jefferson				[15]
Jenghizkhan † Olshevsky, 1995	Dinosaur	Genghis Khan				[15]
Joannesia Vell.	Flowering plant	John VI of Portugal	A genus in the spurge family, endemic to Brazil and described when John was Prince of Brazil.			[222][223]
Jubaea Kunth	Palm	Juba II				[15]
Keatsia Girault 1928	Wasp	John Keats	Subsequently synonymised with Metaphaenodiscus.			[224][30]
Kepplerites (Toricellites) besseli † Mönnig & Dietl, 2022	Ammonite	Friedrich Bessel				[225]
Kepplerites (Gowericeras) copernici † Mönnig & Dietl, 2022	Ammonite	Nicolaus Copernicus				[225]
Kepplerites (Gowericeras) halleyi † Mönnig & Dietl, 2022	Ammonite	Edmond Halley				[225]
Kepplerites tychonis † Ravn, 1911	Ammonite	Tycho Brahe				[226]
Khanitermes † Engel, Grimaldi & Krishna, 2007	Termite	Genghis Khan	A fossil genus from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. "The new genus-group name is a combination of Khan, the title of political and military leaders in the ancient Mongol Empire, and Termes (meaning "termite"), the first generic name of the Isoptera. The generic name is a reference to the most famous Khan of ancient Mongolia, Genghis Khan (c. 1162 – 18 August 1227, born Borjigin Temüjin, the former being his surname, was bestowed with the title Khan and became Genghis Khan in 1206). He united the Mongol Tribes into the Mongol Empire in 1206."			[227]
Klasea yunus-emrei B. Dogan, Ocak & A. Duran	Flowering plant	Yunus Emre	A thistle from Anatolia, Turkey, "named in honour of Yunus Emre, who is one of the most revered philosophers in Turkish literature."			[228]
Kwazulusaurus shakai † Maisch, 2002	Dicynodont	Shaka	"After King Shaka Zulu (c. 1787-1828), leader of the Zulu nation." A fossil lystrosaurid from the Late Permian of South Africa. The only known specimen was found in KwaZulu-Natal.			[229]
Laelaspis dariusi Joharchi & Jalaeian, 2012	Mite	Darius the Great	A species from Iran "named in memory of Darius I [...], also known as Darius the Great, [...] the third king of the Achaemenid Empire, who proved to be a strong and wise ruler and he was tolerant toward other religions and cultures, promoted learning, agriculture, forestation, and the construction of highways. He also built the great palace cities of Susa and Persepolis."			[230]
Lamennaisia Girault, 1922	Wasp	Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais				[13]
Laotrombicula fangumi Stekolnikov, 2014	Mite	Fa Ngum	A species of chigger that affects the Laotian rock rat, a living fossil discovered in 2005 in central Laos. "The species is named after Fa Ngum, who founded in 1354 the kingdom of Lan Xang Hôm Khao ("land of one million elephants and a white parasol"), the earliest kingdom on the territory of Laos."			[231]
Lapageria Ruiz & Pav.	Flowering plant	Empress Joséphine	Named after Joséphine's maiden name, Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie "in compliment to her for her many services to botany; she greatly encouraged the cultivation of exotic plants by growing them herself in her garden at Malmaison, near Paris."			[232]
Latigammaropsis akhenateni Myers, 2014	Crustacean	Akhenaten				[233]
Legionella shakespearei Verma et al. 1992	Bacterium	William Shakespeare	Isolated from Stratford-upon-Avon, birthplace of Shakespeare			[234]
Leimacis lomonosoffi Girault, 1912	Wasp	Mikhail Lomonosov	"Respectfully dedicated to the Russian peasant, Michael Wassiliewitsch Lomonosoff, afterward physical chemist, professor and man of affairs, one of the fathers of modern chemistry and profound research scholar." Genus Leimacis was subsequently synonymised with Arescon.			[17][235]
Leonardo Błeszyński, 1965	Moth	Leonardo da Vinci				[236]
Leonardo avicennae Bassi, 1990	Moth	Avicenna				[237]
Leonardo davincii Błeszyński, 1965	Moth	Leonardo da Vinci				[236]
Leopoldinia Mart.	Palm	Maria Leopoldina of Austria	"We call this genus by the venerable name of the very august Princess Josepha Carolina Leopoldina, Archduchess of Austria, who held the glory, splendor, delight, and transatlantic throne of Brazil." This genus is found only in South American tropical rainforests.			[238]
Lepinotus huoni Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec	This species is endemic to Tasmania, which Huon de Kermadec explored.			[3]
Leptochelia billambi Błażewicz-Paszkowycz & Bamber, 2012	Crustacean	William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne	A tanaid from Bass Strait, Australia, "Named after William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, after whom the city of Melbourne was named in 1837." Subsequently transferred to genus Chondrochelia.			[239]
Leptotyphlops columbi Klauber, 1939	Snake	Christopher Columbus	A threadsnake endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, and named "after the island's most famous visitor." Subsequently transferred to genus Epictia.			[240]
Leuciscus carolitertii Doadrio, 1987	Fish	Charles III of Spain	The bordallo or Northern Iberian chub is a freshwater minnow endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, named "for Carlos III, the Spanish King who founded the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, in 1771." Subsequently transferred to genus Squalius.			[241]
Linguamyrmex vladi † Barden & Grimaldi, 2017	Ant	Vlad the Impaler	A fossil species found in Cretaceous Burmese amber, named "in reference to Vlad III, or Vlad Dracula (c. 1429–1476), prince of a region of Romania then called Wallachia. His moniker, Vlad the Impaler, refers to his favoured and frequent method of execution, which inspired the vampirous character Count Dracula fictionalized by Bram Stoker in 1897. The patronym is in reference to the presumed impalement of prey by Linguamyrmex and its liquid diet."			[242]
Liphanthus molavi Mir Sharifi & Packer, 2019	Bee	Rumi	"This species is named in honour of Molavi (Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi) spiritual master and poet often known in the west as Rumi."			[243]
Liris cleopatra de Beaumont, 1961	Wasp	Cleopatra VII	The holotype and allotype were collected in Egypt.			[244]
Lomonosoffiella Girault, 1913	Wasp	Mikhail Lomonosov				[245]
Loricaria cuffyi Londoño-Burbano, Urbano-Bonilla & Thomas, 2021	Catfish	Cuffy	An armored catfish found in rivers of Guyana and Venezuela, named "In honor of the Afro-Guyanese slave Cuffy, or Coffy, who in 1763 led the revolt of more than 2,500 slaves in Berbice (former region of Guyana, now Co-operative Republic of Guyana) against the Dutch settler regime, which finally led to their freedom. Cuffy, accepted by all the rebels as the leader of the rebellion, declared himself Governor of Berbice. Today he is considered Guyana's first national hero."			[246]
Lutheria Girault, 1919	Wasp	Martin Luther	Replaced by nomen novum Lutherisca.			[13]
Lysmata napoleoni De Grave & Anker, 2018	Crustacean	Napoleon	A shrimp from the South Atlantic Ocean, "named after Napoléon Bonaparte (1769–1821), arguably St. Helena's [the type locality] most famous resident, from his exile to the island in 1815 to his death there in 1821."			[247]
Lyssomanes belgranoi Galiano, 1984	Spider	Manuel Belgrano	The type locality is in General Manuel Belgrano Department, Argentina. "The specific name is a patronym in honour of General Manuel Belgrano, creator of the Argentine flag."			[248]
Macrogomphus phalantus jayavarman Kosterin, 2019	Dragonfly	Jayavarman II	"after Jayavarman II, the founder of the famous Angkor Empire and its first 'Divine King', who in [the] early IX century established its first capital Hariharalaya (presently Roluos, Prasat Bakong District) [situated] just 14.5 km N of the type locality of the new subspecies."			[249][250]
Magallanes Ortea & Moro, 2020	Sea slug	Ferdinand Magellan	"Named in honor of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese sailor in the service of Charles I of Spain, who captained until his death on April 27, 1521, the first expedition that navigated around the world 500 years ago (1519-1521)." This monotypic genus –and the family Magallanidae–, were created for the species initially described as Aeolidiopsis elcanoi (honouring Juan Sebastián Elcano), also in this list.			[12]
Magellanana Girault, 1939	Wasp	Ferdinand Magellan	This genus was subsequently synonymised with Epiblatticida Girault, 1915.			[251][30]
Mammuthus jeffersonii † Osborn, 1922	Mammoth	Thomas Jefferson				[15]
Mantimalthinus bartholini † Fanti & Damgaard, 2019	Beetle	Thomas Bartholin	A fossil soldier beetle found in Baltic amber from the Eocene of Kaliningrad Oblast. "In memory of the Danish physician, mathematician and theologian Thomas Bartholin (Malmö - Scania, 20 October 1616 – Copenhagen, 4 December 1680). He theorized that amber had to come from conifers and that it had been hardened in seawater. He was therefore also one of the pioneers of Danish amber research."			[252]
Maoripsocus pedderi Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	John Pedder	This species is endemic to Tasmania, where Pedder was the first Chief Justice.			[3]
Maoripsocus wedgei Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	John Helder Wedge	This species is endemic to Tasmania, where Wedge was a surveyor, explorer and politician.			[3]
Maymena roca Baert, 1990	Spider	Inca Roca	This species is native to Peru.			[253]
Medeotrogus rumii Sehnal, 2021	Beetle	Rumi	A scarab beetle native to Iran, "named honour of Ya Hazrat i Mawlana Jalaludin Muhamad Rumi (1207–1273), well-known Persian poet, jurist, theologian, and Sufi mystic."			[254]
Medeotrogus shamsi Sehnal, 2021	Beetle	Shams Tabrizi	A scarab beetle native to Iran, "named in honour of Shams-i-Tabrizi (1185–1247), wandering dervish, spiritual instructor and friend of Ya Hazrat i Mawlana Jalaludin Muhamad Rumi."			[254]
Megachile huascari Cockerell, 1912	Bee	Huáscar	This species is native to Peru.			[255]
Megalonyx jeffersonii † Desmarest, 1822	Ground sloth	Thomas Jefferson	A fossil species from the Pleistocene of North America. The generic name Megalonyx ("Great claw") was first suggested by Jefferson himself in a paper he presented in 1797, credited as the beginning of vertebrate paleontology in North America.			[15][256]
Megantereon cultridens roderici † Arribas & Garrido, 2008	Saber-toothed cat	El Cid	A subspecies of the Megantereon type species, found in Pliocene deposits of Southern Spain. "Dedicated to Don Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, an 11th century Castilian warrior (1048-1099 AD) known since his time as the Cid Campeador".			[257]
Megaselia mithridatesi Hash, 2014	Fly	Mithridates VI Eupator	"named for King Mithridates VI of Pontus (120–63 BC), who regularly ingested nonlethal amounts of poison to build up an immunity." This species is attracted to highly toxic defensive compounds produced by polydesmid millipedes.			[258]
Megarhogas aspasiae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Aspasia	Replacement name for Megarhogas maculipennis Chen & He, 1997, which was preoccupied by Megarhogas maculipennis (Cameron, 1905).			[51]
Mekongbathynella jayavarmani Park, 2021	Crustacean	Jayavarman II	A bathynellacean from Cambodia, whose name "is derived from Jayavarman II who is generally recognised as the founder of the Khmer Empire, the dominant civilisation on the Southeast Asian mainland until the mid 15th century."			[259]
Mekongbathynella jayavarthoni Park, 2021	Crustacean	Jayavarman VII	A bathynellacean from Cambodia, whose name "is derived from Jayavarthon, the civil-name of Jayavarman VII, who is generally recognised as the most powerful king of the Khmer Empire."			[259]
Meoneura grimmorum Stuke & Freidberg, 2017	Fly	Brothers Grimm	Flies of the genus Meoneura are very small (1–2 mm). "The species is dedicated to Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, who collected and published the German folklore, and made dwarfs famous, for example in the fairytale Snow White." Other species in the same genus were named concurrently after literary or folklore characters notable for their small size, such as Bilbo Baggins, King Goldemar, Nils Holgersson or Oskar Matzerath.			[260]
Meoneura swifti Stuke, 2016	Fly	Jonathan Swift	Flies of the genus Meoneura are very small (1–2 mm). Swift "demonstrated in... Gulliver's Travels, that small individuals might be very important."			[261]
Mesernobius anawrahtai † Engel, 2010	Beetle	Anawrahta	A fossil species found in Cretaceous Burmese amber.			[262]
Mesochorus agnesiae Kittel, 2016	Wasp	Maria Gaetana Agnesi	Replacement name for Mesochorus turgidus Kusigemati, 1985, which was preoccupied by Mesochorus turgidus Dasch, 1974.			[51]
Microchilo elgrecoi Błeszyński, 1966	Moth	El Greco				[15]
Microchilo murilloi Błeszyński, 1966	Moth	Bartolomé Esteban Murillo				[15]
Miomelon lautaroi † Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Lautaro	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile, named "after Lautaro (1535–1557), important toqui (war-chief) of the Mapuche who defeated Pedro de Valdivia in the Battle of Tucapel in 1553 and remains a symbol of the struggle for freedom of the indigenous peoples of Chile."			[9]
Miomelon pelantaroi † Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Pelantaro	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile, named "after Pelantaro, cacique (chief) of the Mapuche, who drove the Spaniards out of southern Chile in 1598."			[9]
Mirina confucius Zolotuhin & Witt, 2000	Moth	Confucius				[263]
Mitra kamehameha Pilsbry, 1921	Sea snail	Kamehameha I	Described from a specimen collected in Honolulu, Hawaii. Subsequently synonymised with Nebularia ustulata.			[264][265]
Modisimus enriquillo Huber & Fischer, 2010	Spider	Enriquillo	A cellar spider from the Dominican Republic, whose name "refers to Enriquillo, the Taino chief of the 1519 rebellion against Spanish subjugation."			[266]
Modisimus makandal Huber & Fischer, 2010	Spider	François Mackandal	A cellar spider from Hispaniola, whose name "refers to Makandal, a famous Maroon, or runaway slave, who tried to organize a mass slave uprising, but was betrayed and burned at the stake in 1758"			[266]
Monoctenus cuauhtemoci De Lira, 2022	Sawfly	Cuauhtémoc	"in honor of the last Aztec emperor, originally from the municipality of Ixcateopan, where the attack by this species of Monoctenus [on weeping juniper trees] occurred, and the mountain range where the infestations are located is known as the Cuauhtémoc mountain range."			[267]
Monomorium moathi Sharaf & Collingwood, 2010	Ant	Muadh ibn Jabal	A species native to Yemen, "named after the friend of Prophet Mohammed, Moath Ebn Jabal who was sent to Yemen to distribute Islam."			[268]
Moyeria hafezii † Ghavidel-Syooki & Piri-Kangarshahi, 2021	Protist	Hafez	A fossil euglenoid from the Ordovician of Iran, whose name "Refers to Khwāja Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, the Persian poet known as Hafez and as "Hafiz" (born in 1315 ACE in Shiraz; died in 1390 ACE in the same city; buried in Tomb Hafez, Shiraz). He is famous for his lyrical poems, and his major work is Divān of Hafez."			[2]
Mozartella Girault 1926	Wasp	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart				[15]
Mozartella beethoveni Girault 1926	Wasp	Ludwig van Beethoven	Type species of Mozartella			[15]
Multithecopora hypatiae † Wilson, 1963	Coral	Hypatia	A fossil coral from the Carboniferous of Nevada, US.			[269]
Muscideopsis goldsmithii Girault, 1915	Wasp	Oliver Goldsmith	Subsequently transferred to genus Aphobetus.			[270][271]
Mycobacterium franklinii Nogueira et al., 2015	Bacterium	Benjamin Franklin	"pertaining to Benjamin Franklin, famous USA statesman and scientist from Pennsylvania where the first isolates originated."			[272]
Myrmecium bolivari Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017	Spider	Simón Bolívar	This ant-mimicking corinnid sac spider is native to Venezuela and Colombia.			[273]
Myrmica dongi Chen, Zhou & Huang, 2016	Ant	Dong Qichang	This species is native to Tibet, China.			[274]
Myrmica huaii Chen, Zhou & Huang, 2016	Ant	Huaisu	This species is native to Shaanxi, China.			[274]
Myrmica liui Chen, Zhou & Huang, 2016	Ant	Liu Gongquan	This species is native to Inner Mongolia, China.			[274]
Myrmica mifui Chen, Zhou & Huang, 2016	Ant	Mi Fu	This species is native to Shaanxi, China.			[274]
Myrmica oui Chen, Zhou & Huang, 2016	Ant	Ouyang Xun	This species is native to Guizhou, China.			[274]
Myrmica wangi Chen, Zhou & Huang, 2016	Ant	Wang Xizhi	This species is native to Shaanxi, China.			[274]
Myrmica yani Chen, Zhou & Huang, 2016	Ant	Yan Zhenqing	This species is native to Guizhou, China.			[274]
Myrmozercon cyrusi Ghafarian & Joharchi, 2013	Mite	Cyrus the Great	A parasite of ants found in Iran, "named in memory of Cyrus the Great (Old Persian: Kuruš; c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC) was the first Achaemenian Emperor of Persia, as the "father of the Iranian nation", who issued a decree on his aims and policies, later hailed as his charter of the rights of nations."			[275]
Mysmenopsis viracocha Baert, 1990	Spider	Viracocha Inca	This, and all species of the genus Mysmenopsis named after the last six Sapa Incas before the Spanish conquest, were described from specimens collected in Peru.			[253]
Mysmenopsis pachacutec Baert, 1990	Spider	Pachacuti				[253]
Mysmenopsis yupanqui Baert, 1990	Spider	Topa Inca Yupanqui				[253]
Mysmenopsis capac Baert, 1990	Spider	Huayna Capac				[253]
Mysmenopsis huascar Baert, 1990	Spider	Huáscar				[253]
Mysmenopsis atahualpa Baert, 1990	Spider	Atahualpa				[253]
Mystus cyrusi Esmaeili et al., 2022	Catfish	Cyrus the Great	A freshwater bagrid catfish from Iran.			[276][277]
Napoleonaea P.Beauv.	Flowering plant	Napoleon	Palisot de Beauvois named the type species Napoleonaea imperialis			[15]
Nassarius barbarossai † Landau, Harzhauser, İslamoğlu & Marques da Silva 2013	Sea snail	Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor	A fossil species from the Miocene of the Karaman basin, Turkey, "Named in honour of the German Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, who occupied Karaman in 1190 AD."			[278]
Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov, 2001	Fish	Cleopatra VII	Named for the "brilliant" Queen of Egypt, comparing her "legendary beauty" to this loach's "elegant and beautiful" appearance.			[279][280]
Nemastylis huyanae J.F.Macbr.	Flowering plant	Huayna Capac	This species is native to Peru. "The name commemorates King Huyana [sic], father of the last Inca kings, Huascar and Atahuallpa." Subsequently transferred to genus Tigridia.			[162]
Nemoptera bipennis boabdili Aistleitner, 1984	Spoonwing	Muhammad XII of Granada	Named after Muhammad XII's Spanish name, Boabdil; this subspecies is native to the Province of Granada.			[281]
Neobisium mendelssohni Ćurčić & Ćurčić, 2002	Pseudoscorpion	Moses Mendelssohn	"After Moses Mendelssohn, a great German-Jewish philosopher, otherwise the grandfather of the famous composer Jacob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy"			[282]
Neoguillauminia cleopatra (Baill., 1862) Croizat	Tree	Cleopatra VII				[283]
Neogutierrezia galileoi Ocampo & Ruiz-Manzanos, 2010	Beetle	Galileo Galilei	"We name this species in honour [of] Galileo Galilei. It has been 400 years since he invented the telescope, a major step for our knowledge of the Universe and a symbol of discovery."			[284]
Neomphaloidella glucki Girault, 1915	Wasp	Christoph Willibald Gluck	Subsequently synonymised with Sigmophora otys.			[44][271]
Neomphaloidella schilleri Girault, 1915	Wasp	Friedrich Schiller	Subsequently transferred to genus Aprostocetus.			[44][271]
Neonympha mitchellii francisci Parshall & Kral, 1989	Butterfly	Francis of Assisi	"We name the new subspecies in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, known for kindness to animals and a love of natural beauty."			[285]
Nesolestes ranavalona Schmidt, 1951	Damselfly	Ranavalona I	This species is native to Madagascar.			[34][286]
Nihoa raleighi Raven, 1994	Spider	Sir Walter Raleigh	A brushed trapdoor spider endemic to New Guinea, named "For Sir Walter Raleigh, whose name was adopted for the world-wide sailing expedition." (referring to Operation Raleigh, since the specimen was collected by a member of this expedition).			[153]
Nomada cleopatra Schwarz, 1989	Bee	Cleopatra VII	The holotype and allotype of this North African species were collected in Egypt.			[287]
Nothopsocus cooki Thornton & New, 1981	Barklouse	John Cook (pirate)	A species of barklouse native to Robinson Crusoe Island "named after John Cook, a buccaneer who is reputed to have used the island as a refuge." Subsequently transferred to genus Euryphallus.			[288][289]
Nothopsocus defoei Thornton & New, 1981	Barklouse	Daniel Defoe	A species of barklouse native to Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández archipelago, named after Daniel Defoe's famous novel Robinson Crusoe, which was in turn inspired by Alexander Selkirk's 4-year ordeal as a castaway on this island. Subsequently transferred to genus Euryphallus.			[288][289]
Nothopsocus selkirki Thornton & New, 1981	Barklouse	Alexander Selkirk	A species of barklouse native to Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández archipelago, named after Daniel Defoe's famous novel Robinson Crusoe, which was in turn inspired by Alexander Selkirk's 4-year ordeal as a castaway on this island. Subsequently transferred to genus Euryphallus.			[288][289]
Notocyphus anacaona Rodriguez & Pitts, 2012	Wasp	Anacaona	A spider wasp from the Dominican Republic, "Named after a female Taino indigenous cacique who ruled the island of Hispaniola in 1492."			[290]
Odostomia (Evalea) pocahontasae Henderson & Bartsch, 1914	Sea snail	Pocahontas	This species was described from specimens collected in Chincoteague, Virginia.			[291]
Oecobius ferdowsii Mirshamsi, Zamani & Marusik, 2017	Spider	Ferdowsi	A wall spider from Iran, "named after Abuʾl-Qasim Ferdowsi Tusi (c. 940–1020), a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh, the national epic of the Greater Iran."			[292]
Oelschlaegera ferdowsii Fekrat, Hosseininejad, Derakhshan & Minaei, 2016	Thrips	Ferdowsi	A species native to Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, "named in honor of Abu’l-Qāsem Ferdowsi [...] a highly revered Persian poet and the author of the epic of Shahnameh (the Persian "Book of Kings"), which is the world's longest epic poem created by a single poet, and the national epic of Iran and the Persian-speaking world." Ferdowsi's birthplace is in Razavi Khorasan province as well.			[293]
Offacolus † Orr et al., 2000	Early Arthropod	Offa of Mercia	A fossil genus of euchelicerate arthropods from the Silurian Coalbrookdale Formation of Herefordshire, UK. "Generic name (Latin) after Offa, eighth century king of Mercia and colus, dwelling among, alluding, hereabouts, to Offa's dyke" (part of which runs through Herefordshire)			[294]
Onyxacalles hannibali Germann, 2004	Weevil	Hannibal	A species from Tunisia, "named after the daring Punic general Hannibal. Hannibal was best known for his spectacular, but also costly campaign with 40 war elephants in 218 BC from Spain, France across the Alps to Italy. In 202 BC, the Roman Empire was finally victorious over Hannibal at Carthage (Carthage, today part of the Tunisian capital Tunis). It was only with the victory over Hannibal that Rome gained supremacy in the western Mediterranean. The city of Carthage was finally razed to the ground in the Third Punic War (146 BC), the inhabitants expelled or taken into slavery by Rome. Let us hope that the last Ceratonia forests on Jebel Zaghouan, and with them the new species Onyxacalles hannibali, will not meet a similar fate in the progressive destruction of the last intact biotopes in central Tunisia!"			[295]
Ooctonus saintpierrei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	Subsequently transferred to the genus Boudiennyia.			[182][296]
Oodera leibnizi Werner & Peters, 2018	Wasp	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	"Named in honour of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) on the occasion of [the 300th anniversary of his death]. The Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in which this study was done is part of the Leibniz Association, named after Leibniz."			[297]
Ooencyrtus ferdowsii Ebrahimi & Noyes, 2015	Wasp	Ferdowsi	A parasitoid wasp from Iran; "The species name is dedicated to Ferdowsi, the great ancient Iranian poet, and also refers to Ferdows, where the type series were collected."			[298]
Ootetrastichus grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to genus Aprostocetus.			[5][299]
Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Oppas	Subsequently synonymised with Leucauge.			[55][300]
Opheliminus grotii Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to genus Sympiesis			[301][302]
Orchestina kamehameha Izquierdo, 2017	Spider	Kamehameha I	This species is native to Hawai'i.			[303]
Orchestina mancocapac Izquierdo, 2017	Spider	Manco Cápac	"The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from Manco Cápac, the first governor and founder of the Inca culture in Cusco". This species is native to Peru, and the holotype was collected in Cusco.			[303]
Orolestes koxingai Chen, 1950	Damselfly	Koxinga	Subsequently synonymised with Orolestes selysi McLachlan, 1895.			[34]
Ortyx montezumae Vigors, 1830	Fowl	Moctezuma II	This species is native to Mexico. Subsequently transferred to genus Cyrtonyx.			[58][59]
Ovidia Meisn.	Flowering plant	Ovid				[13]
Ovidia Girault, 1924	Wasp	Ovid
Ovis ammon polii Blyth, 1841	Sheep	Marco Polo	A subspecies of argali known as Marco Polo sheep because he described them briefly in The Travels of Marco Polo: "Then there are sheep here as big as asses; and their tails are so large and fat, that one tail shall weigh some 30 lb. They are fine fat beasts, and afford capital mutton."			[304][305] [306]
Oxalis morelosii Pérez-Calix	Flowering plant	José María Morelos	"The specific epithet honours the Insurgent José María Morelos y Pavón (1765-1815). There are two reasons for this: first, his participation in the Mexican War of Independence; and second, because the plant was found in the mountainous region south of Morelia (formerly Valladolid), the city where J. M. Morelos y Pavón was born."			[307]
Oxyacodon tecumsae † Van Valen, 1978	Colugo	Tecumseh	A fossil mammal from the Paleocene of New Mexico. Originally classified as a condylarth, subsequently synonymised with Mixodectes malaris, a primitive colugo or flying lemur.			[108]
Pachycymbiola galvarinoi † Nielsen & Frassinetti, 2007	Sea snail	Galvarino	A fossil species from the Miocene of southern Chile, named "after Galvarino, chief of the Mapuche. Galvarino fled from Spanish captivity after both his hands were severed, to continue his struggle against the invaders."			[9]
Palmanura goyai Palacios-Vargas & Simón-Benito, 2009	Springtail	Francisco de Goya				[308]
Palmanura hieronimus Palacios-Vargas & Simón-Benito, 2009	Springtail	Hieronymus Bosch				[308]
Palpimanus narsinhmehtai Prajapati, Hun & Raval, 2021	Spider	Narsinh Mehta	"The specific epithet is dedicated to the great Indian poet saint, Narsinh Mehta. His belief in equality can be understood by his one of the famous poetry 'Vaishnav jan to', which became inspiration for Mahatma Gandhi."			[309]
Pamphila confucius Felder & Felder, 1862	Butterfly	Confucius	First identified in China, though it can be found in several other Asian countries. Subsequently transferred to the genus Potanthus.			[310]
Papilio cleopatra Linnaeus, 1767	Butterfly	Cleopatra VII	Subsequently transferred to genus Gonepteryx.			[311]
Papilio montezuma Westwood, 1842	Butterfly	Moctezuma II	Subsequently transferred to genus Parides.			[15]
Paraceratoneura goethei Girault, 1915	Wasp	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	Subsequently transferred to genus Ceratoneura.			[44][271]
Paracobitis molavii Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger, 2014	Fish	Rumi	A stone loach found in rivers of Iran and Iraq, "Named for Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi, also known as Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi or simply Mowlavi, Molavi and Rumi, a Persian poet, jurist, theologian, and Sufi mystic."			[312]
Paramicromerys nampoinai Huber, 2003	Spider	Andrianampoinimerina	A cellar spider from Madagascar, "Named for Malagasy King Andrianampoinimerina (also Nampoina; died in 1810), a remarkable organizer and administrator who developed a complex social system and administrative structure without benefit of written records and therefore of bureaucracy."			[313]
Paratirolites birunii † Korn et al., 2015	Ammonite	Al-Biruni	A fossil from the Permian of the Aras river valley, on the border between Iran and Azerbaijan, named "After Abu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973-1048), a Persian Muslim scholar and polymath from the Khwarezm region."			[19]
Paratrigonogastra voltairei Girault, 1915	Wasp	Voltaire	Subsequently transferred to genus Sphegigaster.			[270][271]
Parisopalpus defoei Švihla & Ramírez Fischer, 2012	Beetle	Daniel Defoe	A species of false blister beetle endemic to Robinson Crusoe Island, "dedicated to the famous English writer, Daniel Defoe (1660–1731), author of the novel Robinson Crusoe. It is based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor who spent four years and four months as a castaway, when he was marooned on the uninhabited island of Masatierra, later re-named Robinson Crusoe Island."			[314]
Parotoplana pythagorae Delogu & Curini-Galletti, 2007	Flatworm	Pythagoras	"species name relates to the presence, in the sclerotized structures, of peculiar right-angled triangles, to which Pythagoras' (Samos, 571-496 B.C.) most famous theorem refers."			[315]
Paroxyna cleopatra Hering, 1937	Fly	Cleopatra VII	Subsequently synonymised with Campiglossa messalina.			[13]
Paroxyna messalina Hering, 1937	Fly	Valeria Messalina	Subsequently transferred to the genus Campiglossa.			[13]
Paryphostomum huaccaci Ibáñez, 1974	Fluke	Yawar Waqaq	This species, a parasite of the turkey vulture, was described from specimens collected in Peru. It has subsequently been assigned the status of species inquirenda because of the poor state of conservation of the holotype. Furthermore, genus Paryphostomum has been synonymised with Petasiger.			[316][317] [318]
Pecten jeffersonius † Say, 1824	Scallop	Thomas Jefferson	Subsequently transferred to the genus Chesapecten. It is an abundant fossil scallop from the Pliocene of Virginia, Jefferson's home state, where it has been designated as the official state fossil.			[319]
Pelayo O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Pelagius of Asturias	Subsequently synonymised with Josa.			[55]
Pentadinium galileoi † Sancay, Bati, Edwards & Ertug, 2006	Protist	Galileo Galilei	A fossil dinoflagellate from the Oligocene/Miocene of Eastern Turkey. "Named in honor of Galilei Galileo [sic] who first discovered rings around the planet Saturn." (the shape of this species resembles Saturn)			[320]
Periclesia A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Pericles	"Flllowing Klotzsch's custom of naming genera of Vacciniaceae after historical figures [see, for example, Caligula, Psammisia, Socratesia, Sophoclesia, Themistoclesia, also in this list], this genus is dedicated to the Greek statesman Pericles."			[321]
Petrolisthes haydni † Müller, 1984	Crustacean	Joseph Haydn	A fossil species of porcelain crab from the Miocene of Austria, "Named after the great [composer], Joseph Haydn, who worked in Eisenstadt." (the type locality)			[104]
Phalaena agrippina Cramer, 1776	Moth	Julia the Younger	Derived from Julia the Younger's birth name Vipsania Agrippina. Subsequently transferred to the genus Thysania.			[15]
Phanourios minutus Sondaar and Boekschoten, 1972	Hippopotamus	Phanourius (saint)	The bones were found at Agios Georgios, Cyprus. At the site, a chapel had been built into the fossiliferous rocks. The rock strata here are very rich in bone content (bone breccia). For centuries, villagers have gone there to collect these bones, which in their opinion are holy, because they are the petrified remains of Saint Fanourios.			[322]
Phascogalea thorbeckiana Schlegel, 1866	Marsupial mammal	Johan Rudolph Thorbecke	"It is unnecessary to recall here the titles of the learned professor and famous statesman whose name the beautiful species we have just mentioned is destined to bear. Minister of the Interior until the last few days, he sanctioned the work of our naturalist travellers in the Indies and showed a keen interest in our great national establishment." Subsequently synonymised with Myoictis melas.			[323][324]
Pheidole servilia Wilson, 2003	Ant	Servilia (mother of Brutus)				[325][326]
Philotarsopsis hellyeri Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Henry Hellyer	This species is endemic to Tasmania, where Hellyer was an early European surveyor and explorer.			[3]
Pholcus phui Huber, 2011	Spider	Sunthorn Phu	A cellar spider native to Thailand. Subsequently transferred to genus Tissahamia.			[327][328]
Photinus ahuizotli Zaragoza-Caballero & Domínguez-León, 2020	Firefly	Ahuitzotl	"The name alludes to the Mexica huey tlatoani Ahuizotl; given that during his government the architectural complex "Cuauhcalli" was built, an emblematic site in the region of Malinalco." (the type locality)			[329]
Photinus tezozomoci Zaragoza-Caballero & Domínguez-León, 2020	Firefly	Tezozomoc	"The specific epithet refers to the warrior Tezozómoc, ruler of Azcapotzalco, the municipality of what is now Mexico City, where the specimen was collected." (the type locality)			[329]
Physcus addisoni Girault, 1915	Wasp	Joseph Addison	Subsequently transferred to genus Coccobius.			[29][330]
Physcus popei Girault, 1915	Wasp	Alexander Pope	Subsequently transferred to genus Coccobius.			[29][330]
Pinus montezumae Lamb.	Conifer	Moctezuma II				[15]
Pinus tecunumanii F.Schwerdtf. ex Eguiluz & J.P.Perry	Conifer	Tecun Uman	"The taxon was first described in 1953 by a German forest entomologist, F. Schwerdtfeger, who had been appointed by FAO to investígate an epidemic of Dendroctonus sp. beetle which was devastating the pine forests of Guatemala. On arrival he found his work hampered by the lack of information on the taxonomy and distribution of the natural pine forests of the region, and was therefore forced to study the systematics of the local pines before commencing his entomological work. The Tecún Umán pine was the only species he encountered that he could not fit into the then existing classification systems. In 1953 Schwerdtfeger published a very full account of his new pine as P. tecumumanii (naming it after the last leader of the Quiche Indians in Guatemala who was killed in 1524 by Pedro de Alvarado of Spain during the conquest of the American Isthmus), clearly differentiating it from all the other local species." Unfortunately, Schwerdtfeger's description was not validly published (for a variety of reasons), and it remained for Eguiluz and Perry (1983) to correct the error, maintaining Schwerdtfeger's name (though correcting the spelling).			[331][332]
Pithecia isabela Marsh, 2014	Primate	Isabel Godin des Odonais	A saki monkey from Peru, named in honor of Isabel Godin des Odonais and her grand journey across South America to reunite with her husband, paying tribute to "an amazing piece of South American history that absolutely needed proper recognition."			[333]
Plato Coddington, 1986	Spider	Plato				[15]
Platonia Mart.	Flowering plant	Plato				[334]
Platyclymenia ibnsinai † Korn, 1999	Ammonite	Avicenna	A fossil clymeniid from the Devonian of Morocco, named "After Ibn Sina (Lat. Avicenna), *980 Afschana (Bokhara), †1037 Hamadan; physician and philosopher, the most important transmitter of Greek philosophy to the Orient."			[132]
Platyptilia avicennai Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2016	Moth	Avicenna	This species is found Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.			[335][336]
Plesiolacerta eratosthenesi † Čerňanský & Augé, 2013	Lizard	Eratosthenes	A fossil wall lizard from the Oligocene of southern Germany, named "To recognize the contribution made by Eratosthenes of Cyrene. He was a Greek mathematician, elegiac poet, athlete, geographer and astronomer. He was the first person to prove that the Earth was round and calculate the circumference of the earth (with remarkable accuracy)."			[337]
Plethodon sequoyah Highton, 1989	Salamander	Sequoyah				[150]
Pleurothallis yupanki Luer & Vásquez	Orchid	Topa Inca Yupanqui	"Named in honor of the chieftain Inca Yupanki who built the stone buildings now lying in ruins east of Samaipata" (where the type specimens were found growing). Subsequently transferred to genus Dryadella.			[338]
Pleurotropomyia grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius	Subsequently transferred to the genus Apleurotropis			[5]
Plutarchia Girault, 1925	Wasp	Plutarch				[15]
Plutarchia A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Plutarch				[134]
Podagrion worcesteri Girault, 1913	Wasp	Noah Worcester	"Respectfully dedicated to Noah Worcester for his A Solemn Review of the Custom of War."			[339]
Polyclita A.C.Sm.	Flowering plant	Polyclitus				[134]
Polynema aligherini Girault, 1915	Wasp	Dante Alighieri	Subsequently transferred to genus Boccacciomymar (also in this list).			[184][122]
Polynema franklini Girault, 1913	Wasp	Benjamin Franklin	Subsequently transferred to the genus Palaeoneura.			[182][122]
Polynema hegeli Girault, 1915	Wasp	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel	Subsequently transferred to genus Palaeoneura.			[184][122]
Polynema rousseaui Girault, 1913	Wasp	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	Subsequently transferred to the genus Palaeoneura.			[182][122]
Polyrhachis cleopatra Forel, 1902	Ant	Cleopatra VII				[340]
Priscula bolivari Huber, 2020	Spider	Simón Bolívar	"The species is named for Venezuelan military and political leader Simón Bolívar. Not having a single Venezuelan pholcid named for El Libertador would be inexcusable."			[341]
Prosapia morelosi Castro-Valderrama, Romero & Carvalho, 2020	Froghopper	José María Morelos	"Holotype and some paratypes were found for the first time in Morelia. The species is named in honour of the hero of Mexican independence, José María Morelos y Pavón, who was born in that city."			[342]
Prunum adelantado Espinosa & Ortea, 2018	Sea snail	Pedro Menéndez de Avilés	"Named in honour of the Spanish soldier and sailor Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, on the 500th anniversary of his birth in Avilés, Asturias (15 February 1519); known as the Adelantado de La Florida for reconquering Florida in 1565 and founding the city of Saint Augustine."			[343]
Psammisia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Psamtik II	After Psammis, the name used by Herodotus to refer to Psamtik II.			[91]
Pseudicius rudakii Prószyński, 1992	Spider	Rudaki	A jumping spider described from a holotype collected in Shiraz, Iran, "named in honour of great Persian-Tadjik poet RUDAKI who once wrote a poem [about] a girl from Shiraz." Subsequently transferred to genus Rudakius, also in this list.			[344]
Pseudiglyphus grotiusi Girault, 1915	Wasp	Hugo Grotius				[44]
Pseudoeurycea ahuitzotl Adler, 1996	Salamander	Ahuitzotl	A false brook salamander from the state of Guerrero, Mexico.			[345]
Ptycta freycineti Schmidt & New, 2008	Barklouse	Louis de Freycinet	This species is endemic to Tasmania.			[3]
Pulex cheopis Rothschild, 1903	Flea	Khufu	From Khufu's Hellenized name Cheops; it has been subsequently moved to the genus Xenopsylla. Known as the Oriental rat flea, tropical rat flea, or plague flea, it is a parasite of rodents, particularly Rattus, and is a primary vector for bubonic plague and murine typhus. Having lived in the 26th century BC, Khufu is the most ancient person to have an eponymous organism.			[15][346]
Pythagoracypris † Santos Filho, Fauth & Sames, 2020	Crustacean	Pythagoras	A genus of fossil ostracods from the Cretaceous of Brazil, "Named after the Greek philosopher Pythagoras and his theorem, due to the sub-triangular outline of the genus in lateral view."			[347]
Quamtana nandi Huber, 2003	Spider	Nandi	A cellar spider native to South Africa, "Named after Nandi, Queen of Zululand (1778–1826). To this day, the Zulu people use her name to refer to a woman of high esteem."			[348]
Quijote cervantesi Ortea, Moro & Bacallado, 2016	Sea snail	Miguel de Cervantes	Generic name comes from his book Don Quijote de la Mancha			[349]
Raffaellia Girault, 1922	Wasp	Raphael				[13]
Ramsaria avicennae Heidari & Hauer, 2018	Bacterium	Avicenna	Isolated form thermal springs in Iran.			[350]
Rana montezumae Baird, 1854	Frog	Moctezuma II	Subsequently transferred to the genus Lithobates.			[150]
Raphaelana Girault 1926	Wasp	Raphael	Subsequently synonymised with the genus Cheiloneurus.			[15]
Raphaelonia Girault 1924	Wasp	Raphael	Subsequently synonymised with the genus Omphale.			[13]
Raphitoma vercingetorixi † Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018	Sea snail	Vercingetorix	A fossil species from the Pliocene of western France.			[351]
Rhicnopeltomyia voltairei Girault, 1915	Wasp	Voltaire	Subsequently transferred to genus Chrysonotomyia.			[44]
Rhipidomella cervantesi † García-Alcalde, 2015	Brachiopod	Miguel de Cervantes	A fossil orthid from the Devonian of Spain, "Dedicated to the Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra, as a tribute to his masterful literary style."			[101]
Rhizothrix sejongi Nam & Lee, 2005	Crustacean	Sejong the Great	A copepod collected from the coast of South Korea, whose name "honors King Sejong the Great, who during his reign (1418–1450) made many cultural and scientific innovations and devised the Korean Hangeul alphabet."			[352]
Richteria Girault, 1920	Wasp	Jean Paul	Derived from Paul's birth name, Johann Paul Friedrich Richter			[15]
Roussea Sm.	Flowering plant	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	"In memory of the most renowned Jean Jacques Rousseau, who wrote the most pleasant letters on the subject of botany, and cherished and enriched the amiable science till the last breath." According to Smith, Carl Linnaeus, who often corresponded with Rousseau, had intended to dedicate a plant to him but did not manage to get it published before his death, so Roussea was named to correct this.			[353]
Rubus boudiccae A.L.Bull & Edees	Flowering plant	Boudica	A species of bramble native to East Anglia, England, whose name "commemorates the East Anglian queen who defied the Romans."			[354]
Rudakius Prószyński, 2016	Spider	Rudaki	"Named in honor of great Persian poet Rudaki (850-940 n.e.) who lived in the Samanid court in Buchara (present day Uzbekistan) – in the area of occurrence of this genus."			[355]
Rusophycus leifeirikssoni † Bergström, 1976	Trilobite trace fossil	Leif Erikson	An ichnospecies identified from the Ordovician of Bell Island (Newfoundland and Labrador), and named "After another early being, the Greenland viking Leif Eiriksson, who left his traces on Newfoundland (Vinland) about 1000 years ago."			[356]
Sappho Reichenbach, 1849	Hummingbird	Sappho				[15]
Saurothera merlini d'Orbigny, 1839	Bird	Maria de las Mercedes Santa Cruz y Montalvo	A species of cuckoo native to Cuba and Bahamas, "dedicated to the Lady Doña María de las Mercedes Jaruco, Countess of Merlin, a Havana native famous for her talents in literature and the fine arts, which she cultivates and protects with equal enthusiasm and success in Paris, of whose cultured society she is a beautiful ornament." Subsequently transferred to genus Coccyzus.			[357]
Scabricola lavoisieri Guillot de Suduiraut, 2002	Sea snail	Antoine Lavoisier	"This new species is named in memory of Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (1743-1794), father of modern chemistry and ancestor of the author."			[358]
Schilleria Girault, 1932	Wasp	Friedrich Schiller	Its nomen novum is Schilleriella Ghesquiere, 1946			[13]
Schinderhannes † Kühl, Briggs & Rust, 2009	Early Arthropod	Schinderhannes	A fossil radiodont from the Devonian of Germany. The single specimen was discovered in Hunsrück slates near Bundenbach, and is named after the 18th-century outlaw Schinderhannes who frequented this area.			[359]
Scipionyx † Dal Sasso & Signore, 1998	Dinosaur	Scipio Africanus				[15]
Scirtothrips hafezi Minaei & Mound, 2018	Thrips	Hafez	A tamarisk-infesting thrips found in Fars province, Iran; "Khaje Shams-ud-Diin Muḥammad Ḥafeẓ-e Shirazi, known by his pen name Hafez (1325/26–1389/90) was a Persian poet whose collected works are regarded as a pinnacle of Persian literature. His mausoleum is located in the city of Shiraz, capital of Fars province, southern Iran. Hafez Tomb is regarded as one of most famous attractions in Shiraz."			[360]
Sciurus aberti Woodhouse, 1853	Squirrel	John James Abert				[361]
Scolopax rochussenii Schlegel, 1866	Bird	Jan Jacob Rochussen	"We dedicate this curious species to His Excellency the Minister of State, Mr. Rochussen, former Governor-General of the Dutch Indies and former Minister of the Colonies, who gave the impetus to the recent exploration of New Guinea by the expedition of the sailing ship Etna, and by entrusting to the late Bernstein the honourable mission of carrying out scientific research in these distant and almost unknown regions."			[323]
Segutilum cornelii Whitley, 1944	Fish	Jeronimus Cornelisz	"I name this fish after the "villain" of the Batavia mutiny which, more than 300 years ago, occurred by the place where it was caught" (the Houtman Abrolhos islands). Genus Segutilum was subsequently synonymised with Kyphosus.			[362]
Selitrichodelia mesmeri Girault, 1915	Wasp	Franz Anton Mesmer	Subsequently transferred to genus Aprostocetus.			[44][271]
Sellaclymenia ibntufayli † Korn, 1999	Ammonite	Ibn Tufail	A fossil clymeniid from the Devonian of Morocco, named "After Ibn Tufayl (lat. Abubacer), *1115 Guadix, †1185 Marrakech; Arab physician and philosopher (By observation and reflection up to the highest levels of natural and divine cognition)."			[132]
Semnopithecus roxellana Milne-Edwards, 1870	Primate	Hurrem Sultan	The specific epithet of the golden-snub nosed monkey from China refers to the chief consort and wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, Hurrem Sultan, also known as Roxolana or Roxelana ("the Russian woman"), who, like her namesake, had reddish gold hair and, by some accounts, a snub nose. Subsequently transferred to genus Rhinopithecus.			[363][364]
Sequoia Endl.	Conifer	Sequoyah	The derivation of Sequoia from "Sequoyah" is controversial since the botanist who coined it left no record of the etymology.			[365]
Shakespearia Girault, 1928	Wasp	William Shakespeare	Subsequently synonymised with Psyllaephagus Ashmead, 1900			[224][30]
Shankouia zhenghei † Chen, Wang, Maas & Waloszek, 2005	Early Arthropod	Zheng He	An early marine arthropod found in the Maotianshan Shales, Cambrian deposits in Yunnan, China. It is named "in honor of [the] great mariner of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He (1371–1435), who sailed from China to many places throughout [the] South Pacific, Indian Ocean, Taiwan, Persian Gulf and distant Africa in seven epic voyages from 1405 to 1433. He was born near Jinning close to the fossil locality and was buried in the southern outskirts of Bull's Head Hill (Niushou) in Nanjing, China." This species was subsequently synonymised with Liangwangshania biloba.			[366][367]
Sigaloceras (Gulielmina) fabricius † Mönnig & Dietl, 2022	Ammonite	Johannes Fabricius				[225]
Signiphora beethoveni Girault, 1915	Wasp	Ludwig van Beethoven	Subsequently transferred to genus Chartocerus.			[29][368]
Silene ferdowsii Joharchi, Nejati & F.Ghahrem.	Flowering plant	Ferdowsi	A species of catchfly native to Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, whose name "honours Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi Toosi (935–1020 AD), one of the greatest Iranian poets; his tomb is located in Toos town, near to Mashhad, Khorassan province, Iran."			[369]
Socratesia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Socrates	Subsequently synonymised with Cavendishia.			[91]
Sophoclesia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Sophocles	Subsequently synonymised with Sphyrospermum.			[91]
Spalangia grotiusi Girault, 1913	Wasp	Hugo Grotius				[245]
Spartacus Distant, 1884	True bug	Spartacus				[13]
Spilochalcis kanti Girault, 1913	Wasp	Emmanuel Kant	"Dedicated to Immanual [sic] Kant for his work On Perpetual Peace." Subsequently synonymised with Conura maculata.			[158]
Spilochalcis laddi Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ladd	Subsequently transferred to genus Conura.			[158]
Stauroneis clarkii Bahls, 2012	Diatom	William Clark	"Named after William Clark (1770–1838), an early 19th Century Montana explorer." The holotype for this species was collected from a spring at the base of Square Butte, Chouteau County, Montana.			[370]
Stauroneis lewisii Bahls, 2012	Diatom	Meriwether Lewis	"Named after Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809), an early 19th Century Montana explorer." The holotype for this species was collected from Blodgett Lake in Ravalli County, Montana.			[370]
Stauroneis sacajaweae Bahls, 2012	Diatom	Sacagawea	"Named after the Lemhi Shoshone woman, Sacajawea (1788–1812?), who served as guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark".			[370]
Stauroneis thompsonii Bahls, 2012	Diatom	David Thompson	"Named for David Thompson (1770–1857), an early 19th Century Montana explorer and cartographer". The holotype for this species was collected from Upper Wolverine Lake in Kootenai National Forest, Lincoln County, Montana.			[370]
Stenus bolivari Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Simón Bolívar	A rove beetle native to Venezuela, whose name "honour[s] Simon Bolivar (1783-1830), the liberator of South America from Spanish rule."			[371]
Stenus chimalpopoca Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Chimalpopoca	"I choose for this Mexican species the name of the Aztec king Chimalpopoca (1417-1426), the successor of Huitzilihuitl."			[371]
Stenus ojedai Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Alonso de Ojeda	A rove beetle native to Venezuela, whose name "recall[s] Alonso de Ojeda, who, together with Amerigo Vespucci and Martín Fernández de Enciso, undertook an expedition to Venezuela in 1499, from which the name "Venezuela" is said to have been coined".			[371]
Stenus vespuccii Puthz, 2015	Beetle	Amerigo Vespucci	A rove beetle native to Venezuela, whose name "recall[s] Amerigo Vespucci, who, together with Alonso de Ojeda and Martín Fernández de Enciso, undertook an expedition to Venezuela in 1499, from which the name "Venezuela" is said to have been coined".			[371]
Stethynium daltoni Girault, 1912	Wasp	John Dalton	"Dedicated to the discoverer of the atomic theory in chemistry."			[17]
Stethynium lavoisieri Girault, 1912	Wasp	Antoine Lavoisier	"Dedicated to the discoverer of the law of the conservation of matter."			[17]
Stethynium vesalii Girault, 1912	Wasp	Andreas Vesalius	"Dedicated to Andreas Vesalius, one of the earliest men of the present civilisation to assert the right of free thought and independent mentality."			[17]
Stilbula ashokai Narendran, 1996	Wasp	Ashoka	This species is native to India.			[372]
Strelitzia reginae Banks	Flowering plant	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz				[15]
Stygonitocrella sequoyahi Reid, Hunt & Stanley	Crustacean	Sequoyah	A freshwater copepod found in streambeds of Arkansas and Oklahoma. "The species name honors the great educator and inventor of the Cherokee Indian alphabet, Sequoyah (George Gist)."			[373]
Syagriotermes † Engel, Nel & Perrichot, 2011	Termite	Syagrius	A fossil genus found in Cretaceous amber from France. "The new genus-group name is a combination of Syagrius (430–486/7 AD), the last Roman 'magister militum' of ancient Gaul (eventually being overrun by Clovis I of the Salian Franks), and 'Termes', common generic suffix in the Isoptera"			[374]
Syrigma sanctimartini † Campbell, 1979	Bird	José de San Martín	A fossil species of heron from the Pleistocene epoch, found in the Talara Tar Seeps of northwestern Peru, and "named for José de San Martín, who proclaimed Peruvian independence at Lima on July 28, 1821."			[375]
Systasis henrici Girault, 1913	Wasp	Henry IV of France	"Respectfully dedicated to Henri the Fourth of France, King of Navarre, who originated the idea of perpetual peace among nations."			[26]
Taksinus Songsangchote, Sippawat, Khaikaew & Chomphuphuang, 2022	Spider	Taksin the Great	A genus of tarantulas native to Thailand, named "in honor of Taksin the Great, king of the Thonburi Kingdom, in commemoration of his early career."			[376]
Tanytermes anawrahtai † Engel, Grimaldi & Krishna, 2007	Termite	Anawrahta	A fossil species found in Cretaceous Burmese amber. "The specific epithet is a patronymic honoring King Anawrahta who reigned from 1044 AD until his death in 1077, and the first ruler of a unified Burmese Empire who also converted the country to Theravada Buddhism."			[227]
Tassonia Girault, 1921	Wasp	Alessandro Tassoni				[13]
Tecunumania Standl. & Steyerm.	Flowering plant	Tecun Uman	A genus created for a species of gourd first collected in mountain forests of Guatemala; "The generic name is derived from that of Tecún Umán, hero and leader of the Indians of western Guatemala, who fought so heroically to resist the Spanish invaders, but were finally overthrown and dispersed in a bloody battle near the site of the present city of Quetzaltenango."			[377][15]
Telmatobius atahualpai Wiens, 1993	Frog	Atahualpa	This species is native to Peru.			[378]
Tetrapturus herschelii Gray, 1838	Fish	John Herschel	"The fish having been discovered during the visit of Sir John Herschel at the Cape [of Good Hope], I have named it in honour of him." Subsequently synonymised with Makaira nigricans.			[379]
Tetrastichus saintpierrei Girault, 1913	Wasp	Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre	"Respectfully dedicated to the Abbe Saint-Pierre for his The Project of Perpetual Peace." Subsequently transferred to genus Aprostocetus.			[114][380]
Tetrastichus laddi Girault, 1913	Wasp	William Ladd				[114]
Teudis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Theudis				[55]
Thalassidroma hornbyi Gray, 1853	Bird	Phipps Hornby	Hornby had collected the holotype. The species has since been transferred to the genus Oceanodroma.			[59][381]
Thalassobacillus cyri Sánchez-Porro et al. 2009	Bacterium	Cyrus the Great	A bacterium collected from a hypersaline lake in Iran, "named after Cyrus, the first king of Persia, where the type strain was isolated."			[382]
Thalesanna Girault, 1938	Wasp	Thales of Miletus				[13]
Thamnolecania yunusii Halıcı, Güllü, Bölükbaşı & Kahraman	Fungus	Yunus Emre	This lichenized fungus from Antarctica was described by Turkish scientists; "Yunus Emre, who passed away 700 years ago, especially examined the love of humanity and nature in his poems. In order to keep the name of this important heartfelt person alive in nature, we decided to name the new species after him."			[383]
Thecla acis casasi Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Bartolomé de las Casas	This subspecies, native to Cuba, is "named for Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474-1566), a Dominican friar, known as the 'Apostle of the Indies.'". Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[384]
Thecla acis petioni Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Alexandre Pétion	This subspecies is native to Haiti. Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[384]
Thecla angelia boyeri Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Jean Pierre Boyer	This subspecies is native to Hispaniola. Subsequently transferred to genus Electrostrymon.			[384]
Thecla christophei Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Henri Christophe	This species is native to Hispaniola. Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[384]
Thecla toussainti Comstock & Huntington, 1943	Butterfly	Toussaint Louverture	This species is native to Haiti. Subsequently transferred to genus Strymon.			[384]
Themistoclesia Klotszch	Flowering plant	Themistocles				[91]
Tianyulong confuciusi † Zheng, You, Xu & Dong, 2009	Dinosaur	Confucius	A Heterodontosaurid from the Cretaceous of Liaoning, China, "dedicated to Confucius, the founder of Confucianism."			[385]
Tilicrassatella sanmartini † Devries, 2016	Bivalve	José de San Martín	A fossil species from the Oligocene and Miocene of Peru, "Named in honor of José de San Martín (1778–1850), a liberator of Argentina and Peru."			[126]
Timea clippertoni van Soest, Kaiser & Van Syoc, 2011	Sponge	John Clipperton	This species was described from specimens collected in Clipperton Island, and named after the island's discoverer.			[386]
Timurlengia † Brusatte et al., 2016	Dinosaur	Timur	A horse-sized tyrannosauroid from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan, named "in reference to the fourteenth-century Central Asian ruler Timurleng (English: Tamerlane)", who was born in present-day Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan.			[387]
Tmeticus defoei Pickard-Cambridge, 1899	Spider	Daniel Defoe	A species of spider endemic to Juan Fernández Islands, where Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk was marooned for over 4 years, inspiring Defoe's famous novel Robinson Crusoe. Subsequently transferred to genus Neomaso.			[388]
Tolegnaro kepleri Álvarez-Padilla, Ubick & Griswold, 2012	Spider	Johannes Kepler	A species of goblin spider endemic to Madagascar.			[389]
Torricellia DC.	Flowering plant	Evangelista Torricelli	This genus, "arising in the highest mountains, I have dedicated to the physicist Torricelli, who, by the invention of the barometer, enabled the measurement of mountains, and for this reason deserves much respect in botany."			[390]
Trechisibus tupackatarianus Trezzi & Guzzetti, 2015	Beetle	Túpac Katari	This species is native to Bolivia.			[391]
Trechus kouroshi Muilwijk & Seiedy & Wrase, 2021	Beetle	Cyrus the Great	A ground beetle from Iran, whose name "refers to Koerosh (Cyrus the Great), the founder of the Achaemenid Empire."			[57]
Triplocania galileii González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza & García Aldrete, 2021	Barklouse	Galileo Galilei	"This species is dedicated to Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei, Italian physicist, astronomer, and engineer, father of observational astronomy and modern physics."			[392][393]
Triplocania mancocapaci González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza & García Aldrete, 2021	Barklouse	Manco Capac	This species is native to Peru, and "dedicated to Manco Cápac (Manco Inca and Ayar Manco) the first governor and founder of the Inca civilization in Cusco."			[392][394]
Triplocania yupanquii González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza & García Aldrete, 2021	Barklouse	Topa Inca Yupanqui	This species is native to Peru, and "dedicated to Túpac Yupanqui or Túpac Inca Yupanqui, tenth head of state of the Inca Empire."			[392][395]
Trochammina ondegardoi † Frizzell, 1943	Protist	Polo de  Ondegardo	A fossil foraminiferan from the Cretaceous of Peru.			[130]
Trochilus mosquera Delattre & Bourcier, 1846	Hummingbird	Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera	Known as golden-breasted puffleg, this hummingbird native to Colombia and Ecuador was "Dedicated to General Mosquera, president of the Republic of New Granada, great protector of the sciences and natural history." Subsequently transferred to genus Eriocnemis.			[396]
Trombiculindus kosapani Stekolnikov, 2016	Mite	Kosa Pan	A species of chigger found on common treeshrews in Thailand, "named after Kosa Pan ("Foreign Minister Pan"), a famous Siamese diplomat and minister, head of the Second Thai embassy to France in 1686 A.D."			[198]
Tupacsala † Petrulevičius & Gutiérrez, 2016	Dragonfly	Túpac Amaru II and Milagro Sala	Fossil Odonatoptera from the Carboniferous of La Rioja Province, Argentina. "Dedicated to the memory of José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera, "Túpac" Amaru II (1738-1781) and to Milagro Amalia Ángela "Sala" (1963-). Túpac Amaru in 1780-1781 initiated a revolt against [the] Spanish State and its rules. He was tortured (forced to witness the execution of the sentences imposed on his family), executed and quartered to be exposed. Milagro Sala is a prominent Argentine social leader, Secretary of the "Organización Barrial Túpac Amaru" and Parliamentary of the Parlasur imprisoned with other members of the organization since January 16, 2016." The type species is named Tupacsala niunamenos, "Dedicated to "Ni una menos" (Not one [woman] less), a collective against gender violence. It is a collective campaign that arose from the need to say "enough femicides", because in Argentina every 30 hours a woman is killed just [for] being a woman."			[397]
Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) pocahontasae Henderson & Bartsch, 1914	Sea snail	Pocahontas	This species was described from specimens collected in Chincoteague, Virginia.			[291]
Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) powhatani Henderson & Bartsch, 1914	Sea snail	Powhatan	This species was described from specimens collected in Chincoteague, Virginia.			[291]
Turcinoemacheilus hafezi Golzarianpour, Abdoli, Patimar & Freyhof, 2013	Fish	Hafez	A stone loach found in the Karun and Dez River drainages in Iran, "named for Khwája Shamsud-Dìn Muhammad Háfez-e Shìrázì (Persian: خواجه شمس‌‌الدین محمّد حافظ شیرازی), known by his pen name Háfez, one of the most famous and influential Persian lyric poets."			[398]
Tutcetus † Antar et al., 2023	Whale	Tutankhamun	A fossil genus of basilosaurids from the Eocene of Egypt, whose name is "A combination of Tut, for the ancient Egyptian Pharoah [sic] Tutankhamun, commonly known as King Tut, who unexpectedly died in his 18th year, and cetus, Greek for a whale. Genus name is used in reference to the subadult status and the diminutive size of the type specimen."			[399]
Ulughbegsaurus † Tanaka et al., 2021	Dinosaur	Ulugh Beg	A carcharodontosaurian from the Cretaceous of Uzbekistan, whose name "refers to Timurid sultan Ulugh Beg, in recognition of his early scientific contributions as a fifteenth-century astronomer and mathematician in central Asia region (now Uzbekistan)"			[400]
Unicorniella hatueyi Yong, 2019	Katydid	Hatuey	"This species is named after Hatuey (birth date unknown, murdered by fire at stake in 1512), the well-known Taíno cacique. He was the first rebel native to America and coincidentally, he lived in the same two islands where this species occurs: Cuba and Hispaniola"			[401]
Uromitra hypatiae Pallary, 1912	Sea snail	Hypatia	"I dedicate this little species to the memory of the Alexandrian scholar whose erudition and tragic end deserve more than this humble tribute from a naturalist." The holotype was collected in Alexandria, Egypt. The genus Uromitra was subsequently synonymised with Vexillum.			[402]
Uroptychus cyrano Poore & Andreakis, 2011	Crustacean	Cyrano de Bergerac	"For Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac (1619–1655), French soldier, satirist and playwright best remembered for his semi-autobiographic works of fiction in which he is featured with a large nose." This species belongs to the Uroptychus naso complex, distinctive for their particularly long and broad rostrum.			[403]
Valvulineria washingtoni † McLean, 1956	Protist	George Washington	A fossil foraminiferan from the Yorktown Formation (Miocene) of Virginia, "Named in honor of General George Washington, who won the American Revolution by accepting the surrender of the British forces in the historic York-James Peninsula."			[75]
Venonia gabrielae Barrion & Litsinger, 1995	Spider	Gabriela Silang	This species was described from specimens collected in the Philippines. Subsequently synonymised with Venonia micans.			[404][405]
Wamba O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Wamba				[55]
Washingtonia H.Wendl.	Palm	George Washington				[15]
Witica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Wittiza				[55]
Wormaldia bolivari Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015	Caddisfly	Simón Bolívar	A species native to Venezuela, "named in honor of the Latin American General Simón Bolivar (1783–1830), who is called "El Gran Libertador" (The Great Liberator)."			[406]
Wormaldia tupacamara Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015	Caddisfly	Túpac Amaru II	"This new species is named in honor of Túpac Amaru (José Gabriel Condorcanqui, 1740–1781, Peru) who led the Incas during many years of rebellion against the Spanish occupation in Latin America."			[406]
Wulfila O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895	Spider	Wulfila				[55]
Xiphophorus montezumae Jordan & Snyder, 1899	Fish	Moctezuma II				[407]
Xiphophorus montezumae cortezi Rosen, 1960	Fish	Hernán Cortés	"The name cortezi is a historical reference to the Spanish conquistador, Hernando Cortez [sic]". Originally described as a subspecies, but subsequently promoted to species status, as Xiphophorus cortezi.			[408]
Xiphophorus malinche Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990	Fish	La Malinche	"In keeping with the allegorical use of important historical figures in the Spanish conquest of Mexico to suggest phylogenetic relationships of swordtails in the Pánuco basin, this species is named after Malinche (also called Marina or Doña Marina by the Spaniards), a linguistically gifted Indian slave who played a role in the Spanish conquest as the interpreter, secretary, and mistress of Hernando Cortes [sic]."			[409]
Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990	Fish	Nezahualcoyotl	"As the sister species of X. montezumae, we felt it appropriate to name this species for Nezahualcoyotl, the poet-philosopher emperor of Tezcoco (Texcoco), considered to be coequal with Montezuma, monarch of the Aztecs in the Aztec Triple Alliance."			[409]
Yangavis confucii † Wang & Zhou, 2019	Bird	Confucius	A fossil primitive bird from the Cretaceous of Liaoning, China; "The specific name is derived from Confucius, intended to show its close affinity with other confuciusornithids."			[410]
Zamenhofella voltai Girault, 1941	Wasp	Alessandro Volta	Subsequently transferred to the genus Austroencyrtus.			[411][412]
Zanabazar † Norell et al., 2009	Dinosaur	Zanabazar	A troodontid from the Cretaceous of Mongolia.			[413]
Zygonyx ranavalonae Fraser, 1949	Dragonfly	Ranavalona I	This species is native to Madagascar.			[34][286]