| Osterley House | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Country house |
| Location | Jersey Road, Isleworth, UK |
| Coordinates | 51°29′21.75″N 00°21′07.14″W / 51.4893750°N 0.3519833°W |
| Built | 1570s |
| Built for | Sir Thomas Gresham |
| Rebuilt | 1761–1765 |
| Current use | Historic house museum |
| Architect | Robert Adam (1760s) |
| Owner | National Trust |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | Osterley House |
| Designated | 21 May 1973 |
| Reference no. | 1080308 |
  Location of Osterley House in London Borough of Hounslow | |
Osterley Park is a Georgian country estate in west London,[1] which straddles the London boroughs of Ealing and Hounslow.[2][3] Originally dating from the 1570s, the estate contains a number of Grade I and II listed buildings, with the park listed as Grade II*.[4] The main building (Osterley House) was remodelled by Robert Adam between 1761 and 1765.[3] The National Trust took charge of Osterley in 1991, and the house and park are open to visitors.
YouTube Encyclopedic
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Osterley Park and House: The East India Company at Home, 1757-1857
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Osterley House Oral History Project: A Taster
Transcription
Osterley is a wonderful National Trust property that is often, in fact typically, represented as being European in its appearance, and neo-classical specifically. And yet, when one opens the doors to Osterley one is immediately overwhelmed with the Asian material goods dating from the 18th century. It's also the case that Osterley was owned by a family in the 18th century who played key governance roles in the East India Company. When you walk around the house you are surrounded by incredible objects from the east, from ivory junks to amazing porcelain parade jars, it's just fantastic - and these have sort of perhaps faded a little into the background what we expect from a country house interior. To the 18th century eye they would have been extraordinarily exotic and incredible objects to behold. The 18th century East India Company was set up to trade with Asia and controlled Britain's trade with Asia. Many of the items that were imported went into middling households, ultimately working class households, - tea, cotton textiles for example, saltpetre for gunpowder. At the same time the company allowed its captains and some of its senior staff to do what was called a 'private trade', which was to buy and sell things on commission in the Indies and bring them back to the UK, and almost certainly the goods that we have here would have come back as private trade commissions. This service is quite unique because it has this powder blue border which we haven't seen on any other armourial services which have entered the UK, so it's a really unique and special service. During the 18th century and the late 17th century around 5000 armourial services were commissioned in Canton for the English market. It's a very special commissioning process whereby coats of arms would be sent out on bookplates over to Canton, and then the finished product would return around three years later - so it was a very very long process. So these were incredibly unique and status-symbol pieces that really indicated both wealth and connection. What is really special about Osterley is that there is a whole sort of connection to India there, which can be picked up in its collection of textiles. This would have been brought into England between 1700-1730 (that was the sort of heyday of Kambi embroidery) and so you get a really intricate work of embroidery on normally a plain background and if you looked at them from a distance you would think they were painted on, but you have it go really close up to the textile to see that it's actually embroidered. Today we keep the fragments of this in our store room, you can see by just taking a look at some of the pieces here just how fragile it is. So we keep it in stores just to preserve it, to prevent it deteriorating further on exposure to light and other issues. At Osterley these Indian textiles are some of the remaining evidence of the monopoly with the textile trade that India and China had during that time, and how sought after these textiles were by wealthy families in England. This laquer secretaire is attributed to Thomas Chippendale and we believe it entered the house in the 1770s. It's most likely with most of the pieces that are made as a piece of "English furniture" that they're made from laquer screens which were then cut up. What's really interesting about this piece is its amalgamation of laquer and that the upper level is actually finished by the European attempt to recreate this incredible sheeny material in their own furniture, so this is really interesting piece in that it is made from a kind of amalgamation of different things but it's essentially attributed as an English piece. Chippendale was incredibly important to eighteenth-century furniture and interior design. We can see the ways in which English households were able to amalgamate these pieces into their own interiors, and make them appropriate for their own interiors. We often think of our current era as the period in which globalization and Europe's relations with Asia have taken off, but actually we take a much longer view, looking at the ways in which houses, in particular country houses and suburban villas, of the wealthy, which we now often think of as being quintessentially English, in fact were not just inflected with global material culture but were fundamentally infused and subsidised by Europe's trade with Asia.
History
Early history
The original building on this site was a manor house built in the 1570s for banker Sir Thomas Gresham, who purchased the manor of Osterley in 1562.[5] The "faire and stately brick house" was completed in 1576. It is known that Queen Elizabeth I visited.[6] The stable block from that period remains at Osterley Park. Gresham, the founder of the Royal Exchange, also bought the neighbouring Manor of Boston in 1572.[citation needed]
Acquisition by the Child family
During the late 17th century, the estate was owned by Nicholas Barbon, a developer who mortgaged it to Child's Bank and then died in debt around 1698. As a result of a mortgage default, by the early 1710s, the estate came into the ownership of Sir Francis Child, the founder of Child's Bank. In 1761, Sir Francis's grandsons, Francis and Robert, employed Scottish architect Robert Adam (who was just emerging as one of the most fashionable architects in Britain) to remodel the house. When Francis Child died in 1763, the project was taken up by his brother and heir, Robert Child, for whom the interiors were created.[7]
The house is of red brick with white stone details and is approximately square, with turrets in the four corners. Adam's design, which incorporates some of the earlier structure, is highly unusual, and it differs greatly in style from the original construction. One side is left almost open and is spanned by an Ionic pedimented screen, which is approached by a broad flight of steps and leads to a central courtyard, which is at piano nobile level.
Adam's neoclassical interiors are among his most notable sequences of rooms. Horace Walpole described the drawing room as "worthy of Eve before the fall".[7] The rooms are characterised by elaborate but restrained plasterwork, rich, highly varied colour schemes, and a degree of coordination between decor and furnishings unusual in English neoclassical interiors. Notable rooms include the entrance hall, which has large semi-circular alcoves at each end, and the Etruscan dressing room, which Adam said was inspired by the "Etruscan" vases (as they were then regarded, now recognised as Greek) in Sir William Hamilton's collection, illustrations of which had recently been published. Adam also designed some of the furniture, including the opulent domed state bed, which is still in the house.
After Robert Child
Robert Child's only daughter, Sarah, married John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland, in 1782. When Child died two months later, his will placed his vast holdings, including Osterley, in trust for any second-to-be born grandchild. This proved to be Lady Sarah Fane, who was born in 1785.
Child's will kept his property out of the hands of John Fane, his son-in-law. Under the doctrine of coverture then in force, if Child had given his daughter more than a life interest in any property, Fane would have had control of it. Fane had eloped with Child's daughter to Gretna Green, as Child had not consented to the marriage. Child had wished his daughter to marry someone willing to take on the Child surname and ensure its continuation.[8]
Child's eventual heiress, Lady Sarah Fane, married George Villiers in 1804 and, having children, the estate passed into the Villiers family. In 1819, George Villiers changed his surname to Child Villiers.
Later history
George Child Villiers, 9th Earl of Jersey, opened Osterley to the public in 1939 after having received many requests from people wishing to see its historic interior.[9] He justified his decision by saying that it was "sufficient answer that he did not live in it and that many others wished to see it". Some 12,000 people visited the house during its first month of opening.[9] Villiers staged a series of exhibitions of artworks by living artists in the top-floor rooms to contrast with the 18th-century interiors on the ground floor.[9] He also planned to create an arboretum in the grounds, although that never came to fruition.[9]
Home Guard training establishment
The grounds of Osterley Park were used for the training of the first members of the Local Defence Volunteers (forerunners of the Home Guard) when the 9th Earl, a friend of publisher Sir Edward Hulton, allowed writer and military journalist Captain Tom Wintringham to establish the first Home Guard training school (which Hulton sponsored) at the park in May–June 1940. It included teaching the theory and practice of modern mechanical warfare, guerilla-warfare techniques and street-fighting techniques, making use of some estate workers' houses that had been scheduled for demolition.[10]
Painter Roland Penrose taught camouflaging here, an extension of work he had developed with the paintbrush in avant-garde paintings to protect the modesty of his lover, Elizabeth 'Lee' Miller (married to Aziz E. Bey).[11] Maj. Wilfred Vernon taught the art of mixing home-made explosives, and his explosives store can still be seen at the rear of the house, while Canadian Bert "Yank" Levy, who had served under Wintringham in the Spanish Civil War, taught knife fighting and hand-to-hand combat. Despite winning world fame in newsreels and newspaper articles around the world (particularly in the US), the school was disapproved of by the War Office and Winston Churchill, and it was taken over in September 1940. Closed in 1941, its staff and courses were reallocated to other newly opened War Office-approved Home Guard schools.[10]
National Trust
After the Second World War, Lord Jersey approached Middlesex County Council, which had shown interest in buying the estate, but eventually decided to give the house and its park to the National Trust.[9] The furniture was sold to the Victoria & Albert Museum.[9] In 1947, Lord Jersey moved to the island of Jersey, taking with him many pictures from the collection at Osterley.[9] Some were destroyed in a warehouse fire on the island soon after.[9] Lord Jersey assisted the Ministry of Works and the V&A in their restoration of the house to its present late-18th-century state.[9]
The National Trust took charge of Osterley in 1991. The house has enjoyed loans and gifts from Lord Jersey, including items of silver, porcelain, furniture and miniatures.[9] The trust commissioned portraits of Lord Jersey and his wife by Howard J. Morgan, which hang upstairs.[9] In 2014, William Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey, the present Earl, arranged a ten-year loan to Osterley of portraits of the Child family.[12] The pictures that are part of the loan include Allan Ramsay's portrait of Francis Child (1758), and George Romney's portrait of Francis's brother, Robert.[12]
The house and small formal gardens are open to the public. They account for 30,000 paying visitors per year. Many hundreds of thousands of visitors per year walk the footpaths and enjoy the woodland of the surrounding park at no cost.[13] A weekly 5k Parkrun takes place in the park.[14]
The house saw its latest restoration from 2018 to 2021. This repaired structural deterioration and discolouring of the external brickwork.[citation needed]
Gallery
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The house -
A side view -
The courtyard -
Portico ceiling -
Columns at the front of the house -
View from the house over the estate -
Former stables, now a cafe -
Turret at the stable -
Farmland in Osterley Park -
Interior of the house in 1931 -
State Bed at Osterley House
References
- ^ "Osterley Park and House". National Trust. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ Historic England. "Osterley Park (Grade II*) (1000287)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ a b Historic England. "Osterley House (Grade I) (1080308)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Historic England – Championing England's heritage | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ Hardy, John; Tomlin, Maurice (1985). Osterley Park House. London: Victoria and Albert Museum. ISBN 0948107146.
- ^ Nichols, John (2014). John Nichols's The progresses and public processions of Queen Elizabeth I (A new of the early modern sources ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom. ISBN 9780199551422.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Weinreb, Ben (1986). The London encyclopedia. Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler. p. 568. ISBN 978-0-917561-07-8.
- ^ Greeves, Lydia (2008). Houses of the National Trust: outstanding buildings of Britain. London: National Trust. ISBN 978-1-905400-66-9.: 238
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Anthea Palmer (24 August 1998). "Obituary: The Earl of Jersey". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ a b Tom Wintringham (History Learning Site) accessed 29 Jan 2008
- ^ Newark, Tim Now you see it... Now You Don't, (March 2007) History Today
- ^ a b Kennedy, Maev (26 February 2014). "Osterley Park welcomes home its family portraits". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Strategis – Osterley". Strategis. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Parkrun – Osterley". Parkrun. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
External links
- Osterley Park information at the National Trust
- Flickr images tagged Osterley Park
- A Brief History of Osterly Park by the Dowager Countess of Jersey, 1920
- List of paintings on view
| Royal parks |  | |
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| Large urban parks |
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| Country parks | ||
| Commons | ||
| Village greens | ||
| Marshes and wetlands | ||
| Woodland | ||
| House gardens |
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| Entry-fee charging | ||
| Community gardens | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
This page was last edited on 27 April 2024, at 03:48