Turdetani

The Turdetani were an ancient pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula, living in the valley of the Guadalquivir (the river that the Turdetani called by two names: Kertis and Rérkēs (Ῥέρκης) and which was later known to the Romans as Baetis),^[1] in what was to become the Roman Province of Hispania Baetica (modern south of Spain). Strabo^[2] considers them to have been the successors to the people of Tartessos and to have spoken a language closely related to the Tartessian language.

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History

The Turdetani were in constant contact with their Greek and Carthaginian neighbors. Herodotus describes them as enjoying a civilized rule under a king, Arganthonios, who welcomed Phocaean colonists in the fifth century BC. The Turdetani are said to have possessed a written legal code and to have employed Iberian mercenaries to carry on their wars against Rome.^[3] Strabo notes that the Turdetani were the most civilized people in Iberia, with the implication that their ordered, urbanized culture was most in accord with Greco-Roman models. After the end of the Second Punic War, the Turdetani rose against their Roman governor in 197 BC. When Cato the Elder became consul in 195 BC, he was given the command of the whole of Hispania. Cato first put down the rebellion in the northeast, then marched south and put down the revolt by the Turdetani, "the least warlike of all the Hispanic tribes".^[4] Cato was able to return to Rome in 194, leaving two praetors in charge of the two provinces.

In Plautus' comedy The Captives, a reference to the Turdetani (Act i, Scene ii) amusingly purports to show that their district in Hispania Baetica had become proverbially famous for the thrushes and other small birds which it supplied to Roman tables (Turdus being the thrush genus).

Notes

^ Smith, William (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston: Little, Brown.
^ Strabo. Geography. III, 2, 12-13.
^ Livy, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 34, 19.
^ Livy, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 34, 17.

References

Ángel Montenegro et alii, Historia de España 2 - colonizaciones y formación de los pueblos prerromanos (1200-218 a.C), Editorial Gredos, Madrid (1989) ISBN 84-249-1386-8

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turdetani.

Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
Livy, History of Rome book 34, especially 34.17 and following sections

Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

Aquitani (Proto-Basques)

Iberians

Celts

Celtiberians	Arevaci Belli Cratistii Lobetani Lusones Olcades Oretani Pellendones Titii Turboletae Uraci
Gallaeci	Albiones Arroni Artabri Baedi Bracari Capori Celtici Praestamarici Celtici Supertamarici Cibarci Cileni Coelerni Equaesi Gallaeci Grovii Iadovi Interamici Lapatianci Lemavi Leuni Limici Louguei Luanqui Namarini Narbasi Nemetati Nerii Poemani Quaquerni Seurbi Seurri Tamagani Turodi
Other Celtic peoples	Allotriges Astures Autrigones Belgae Suessetani Berones Cantabri Caristii Carpetani Celtici Mirobrigenses Ophi Sefes Eastern Celts Volcae Oestriminis Plentauri Turduli Bardili Oppidani Veteres Turmodigi Vaccaei Varduli

Para-Celtic peoples?

Germanic peoples?

Germani (Oretania)

Greeks

Semitic peoples

The Madeira, Azores, and Canary Islands were not occupied by the Romans. The Madeira and Azores islands were unoccupied until the Portuguese in the 15th century; the Canary islands, the Guanches occupied the territory until the Castilians.

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This page was last edited on 3 May 2024, at 07:14

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